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basic good manners

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1 élémentaire

élémentaire [elemɑ̃tεʀ]

adjective

elementary

* * *
elemɑ̃tɛʀ
adjectif ( de base) [principe, besoin] basic; École [niveau] elementary; ( simple) elementary

* * *
elemɑ̃tɛʀ adj
1) (généralement) elementary

2) CHIMIE elemental

* * *

élémentaire adj ( de base) [principe, besoin] basic; Scol [niveau] elementary; ( pas compliqué) elementary; c'est élémentaire○! it's elementary!; c'est la politesse la plus élémentaire it's basic ou elementary courtesy.

[elemɑ̃tɛr] adjectif

1. [facile - exercice] elementary

c'est élémentaire! it's elementary!

2. [fondamental - notion, principe] basic, elementary

la plus élémentaire politesse aurait dû l'empêcher de partir basic good manners ou common courtesy should have prevented him from leaving

3. PHYSIQUE NUCLÉAIRE elementary

4. CHIMIE elemental

5. ÉDUCATION primary

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > élémentaire
2 forma

f.

1 shape, form (figura).

en forma de in the shape of

en forma de L L-shaped

tener forma ovalada o de óvalo to be oval in shape

formas figure, curves (silueta)

2 way, manner (manera).

se puede hacer de varias formas it can be done in several different ways

¡qué forma de llover! it's absolutely pouring down!

de cualquier forma, de todas formas anyway, in any case

de esta forma in this way

forma de pago method of payment

forma de ser: es su forma de ser that's just the way he is

3 form.

la fotografía es una forma de arte photography is an art form

formas de vida life forms

4 form (no fondo).

forma y fondo form and content

5 host (religion).

6 form (formulario). (Mexican Spanish)

7 kind, form.

8 aspect, semblance, appearance.

9 cast.

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: formar.

imperat.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: formar.

* * *

forma

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) form, shape

■ en forma de X X-shaped

2 (manera) way

3 DEPORTE form

► nombre femenino plural formas

1 (modales) manners, social conventions

2 familiar (de mujer) curves

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

de esta forma in this way

de forma que so that

de todas formas anyway, in any case

estar en baja forma to be off form

estar en forma to be in shape, be fit

ponerse en forma to get fit

buenas formas good manners

forma de pago method of payment

forma física physical fitness

la Sagrada Forma the Host

* * *

noun f.

1) form, shape

2) manner, way

•

- estar en forma

* * *

SF

1) (=figura) shape

tiene forma de pirámide — it is pyramid-shaped

hojas de forma triangular — triangular leaves

una serie de elementos dispuestos de forma circular — a series of elements arranged in a circle

la camisa ha cogido la forma de la percha — the shirt has been stretched out of shape by the hanger

• nubes de humo con forma de hongo — mushroom-shaped clouds of smoke

un pendiente con forma de animal mitológico — an earring in the shape of a mythological animal

• dar forma a — [+ objeto, joya] to shape; [+ idea, teoría] to give shape to

quiso dar forma literaria a sus teorías filosóficas — he wanted to put his philosophical theories into literary form

• en forma de U — U-shaped

pendientes en forma de corazón — heart-shaped earrings

• tomar forma — to take shape

la idea empezó a tomar forma el año pasado — the idea began to take shape last year

2) (=modo) way

me gusta más de esta forma — I like it better this way

yo tengo otra forma de ver las cosas — I see things in a different way

solo conozco una forma llegar hasta allí — I only know one way of getting there o one way to get there

no estoy de acuerdo con su forma de actuar — I don't agree with his way of doing things

no hubo forma de convencerlo — there was no way we could persuade him

• de forma directa/inmediata/natural — directly/immediately/naturally

el plan entrará en vigor de forma inmediata — the plan will take immediate effect, the plan will take effect immediately

este tema me preocupa de forma especial — this subject is of particular concern to me

• de esta forma — [gen] in this way; (=por consecuencia) thus

queremos controlar los costes y, de esta forma, evitar reducir la plantilla — we want to bring down costs and thus avoid having to downsize

• de todas formas — anyway, in any case

pero de todas formas te agradezco que me lo hayas dicho — but thank you for letting me know anyway, but in any case thank you for letting me know

forma de pago — method of payment, form of payment

forma de ser, es mi forma de ser — that's how I am, that's the way I am

3)

• de forma que — (=en un modo que) in such a way as, so as; (=por eso) so that

él intentó contestar la pregunta de forma que no le comprometiese — he tried to answer the question so as o in such a way as not to commit himself

el número de socios fue creciendo cada año, de forma que en 1989 eran ya varios miles — the number of members grew every year, so that o such that by 1989 there were several thousand

• de tal forma que — (=en un modo que) in such a way that; (=tanto que) so much that; (=por eso) so that

la noticia se filtró de tal forma que fueron incapaces de evitarlo — news leaked out in such a way that they were unable to stop it

la empresa ha crecido de tal forma que es irreconocible — the company has grown so much o to such an extent that it is unrecognizable

su padre era italiano y su madre polaca, de tal forma que él siempre se ha sentido europeo — his father was Italian and his mother Polish, so (that) he has always felt himself to be European

4) (tb: forma física) fitness, form

si no está al cien por cien de forma no jugará — if he isn't a hundred per cent fit he won't play

el jugador ha recuperado su forma física — the player is fit again, the player has regained fitness o form

cuida su forma física practicando también otros deportes — he keeps fit by playing other sports too

• estar en (buena) forma — [para hacer deporte] to be fit, be in good shape; [para realizar otra actividad] to be in (good) form

estar en baja forma — (lit) to be not fully fit; (fig) to be in bad shape

estar bajo de forma — to be in poor shape

mantenerse en forma — to keep fit

ponerse en forma — to get fit

5) (=aspecto externo) form

la forma y el fondo — form and content

es pura forma — it's just for the sake of form, it's a mere formality

• defecto de forma — (Jur) technicality

6) pl formas [femeninas] figure sing

7) pl formas [sociales] appearances

• guardar o mantener las formas — to keep up appearances

8) (Rel)

• la Sagrada Forma — the Host

9) (=molde) (Téc) mould, mold (EEUU); [de zapatero] last; [de sombrero] hatter's block; (Tip) forme, form (EEUU)

10) (Ling) [del verbo] form

11) (Tip) (=formato) format

12) LAm
*
• en forma, una fiesta en forma — a proper party, a blowout *

va a celebrar su cumpleaños en forma — he's going to have a proper o a serious * birthday party

nos aburrimos en forma — we were seriously bored *

13) Méx form
see MANERA, FORMA, MODO
* * *

femenino

1)

a) (contorno, apariencia) shape

tiene forma circular — it's circular (in shape)

en forma de cruz — in the shape of a cross

tiene la forma de un platillo — it's the shape of a saucer

dar forma a algo — ( al barro) to shape something; ( a proyecto) to give shape to something

tomar forma — to take shape

el suéter ha tomado la forma de la percha — the sweater's been stretched out of shape by the coat hanger

b) (tipo, modalidad) form

la discriminación no se tolerará bajo ninguna de sus formas — discrimination will not be tolerated in any shape or form

el medicamento se presenta en forma de comprimidos — the medicine comes in tablet form

2) (Lit) (de una novela, obra) form; (Fil) form

3) (Ling) form

4) (Dep, Med)

estar/mantenerse en forma — to be/keep fit

está en baja forma — he's not on form

en plena forma — on top form

en forma — (AmL fam)

una comida en forma — a good square meal (colloq)

nos divertimos en forma — (AmL fam) we had a really good time

5) (manera, modo) way

es su forma de ser — it's just the way he is

tiene una forma de ser que desconcierta — he has a rather disconcerting manner

qué forma de gritar! — there's no need to shout!

así no hay forma de entenderse — we'll never get anywhere like this

no veía la forma de convencerlo — I couldn't see how to convince him

de forma que — (frml) in such a way that

de cualquier forma or de todas formas — anyway, in any case

- forma de pago

6) formas femenino plural

a) ( de mujer) figure

b) ( apariencias) appearances (pl)

guardar las formas — to keep up appearances

7) (Méx) ( formulario) form

* * *

= approach [approaches, -pl.], form, guise, means, mode, shape, way, mould [mold, -USA], shaping, complexion, manner, fashion.

Ex. During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.

Ex. It is under the chosen form of heading that the catalogue entry for a particular document is filed and hence located.

Ex. In various guises, the basic concepts have found application in the design of a number of special classification schemes.

Ex. The easiest means of illustrating some of the foregoing points is to introduce in outline some special classification schemes.

Ex. Various modes of operation are possible for such a journal, and the precise operation will depend upon the type of information being conveyed.

Ex. If the book has an unusual shape then both the height and the width of the book will be given.

Ex. They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.

Ex. The two moulds, which were twins, were oblong wire sieves mounted on wooden frames, and the deckle was a removable wooden rim which could be fitted to either mould to make it into a tray-like sieve with a raised edge.

Ex. The process of shaping the scientific and technical propaganda into a legitimate specialisation is described.

Ex. These documents contain the Commission's sentiments on how policy should be evolved in particular sectors and what complexion it should take = Estos documentos contienen el sentir de la Comisión de cómo debería desarrollarse la política en sectores concretos y qué cariz debería tomar.

Ex. City planning is a body of techniques and theories for co-ordinative decision-making which tries to distribute the community's resources in a manner which will best achieve the community's specific goals, whatever they may be = El urbanismo es un conjunto de técnicas y teorías para la toma coordinada de decisiones que intenta distribuir los recursos de la comunidad de tal forma que se consigan mejor los objetivos específicos de ésta, sean cuales sean.

Ex. It was on the tip of his tongue to say: 'Must you speak to me in this uncivilized fashion?' But he discreetly forbore.

----

* acabar de forma positiva = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* actuar de forma negligente = be remiss.

* adoptar forma = take + shape.

* adoptar la forma de = take + form, take + the form of, come in + the form of.

* aprender de la forma más difícil = learn + the hard way.

* asumir una forma = assume + form.

* botón en forma de palo = toggle fastener.

* buena forma física = fitness, physical fitness.

* buscar la forma de = look for + ways to.

* buscar la forma de + Infinitivo = develop + way of + Gerundio.

* buscar una forma de hacer (algo) = develop + way + to make + Nombre.

* caer en forma de cascada = cascade.

* cambiar de forma = shape-shift.

* cambiar de forma de vivir = turn + Posesivo + life around.

* catálogo encuadernado en forma de listado de ordenador = computer book form catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de álbum = guard (book) catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de libro = bookform catalogue, book catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de libro encuadernado = bound book form catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de listado = computer print-out catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de listado de ordenador = computer book form catalogue.

* catálogo impreso en forma de libro = printed book catalogue.

* como forma de vida = as a way of life.

* como una forma de = as a means of.

* concepto de forma = form concept.

* con forma de castillo = castellated.

* con forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].

* con forma de pelo = hair-like.

* con forma de pera = pear-shaped.

* con forma de pirámide = trihedral, pyramidal-shaped.

* con forma de tetraedro = trihedral.

* con forma de U = U-shaped.

* con forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.

* dar cuerpo y forma a = lend + substance and form to.

* dar forma = become + cast, give + shape, shape, mould [mold, -USA], inform.

* dar nueva forma = reformat [re-format].

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complementaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma regular = regularly.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way .

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.

* de la misma forma que = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as), in much the same way as.

* de la otra forma = the other way (a)round.

* de muchas formas = in more ways than one.

* de ninguna forma = in any way at all.

* de ninguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de nuevas formas = in new ways.

* de otra forma = in any other way.

* describir de forma general = outline.

* de tal forma que + ser/estar = in such form as to + be.

* de todas formas = anyway(s), at any rate, anyhow.

* de todas las formas posibles = in any and all ways.

* de una forma = in a fashion.

* de una forma + Adjetivo = in + Adjetivo + manner.

* de una forma ambigua = ambiguously.

* de una forma brillante = brilliantly.

* de una forma deplorable = execrably.

* de una forma fácil = easily.

* de una forma hábil = skilfully [skillfully, -USA].

* de una forma intangible = intangibly.

* de una forma lógica = logically.

* de una forma monstruosa = monstrously.

* de una forma organizada = in an organised fashion.

* de una forma rápida = quickly.

* de una forma relativamente + Nombre = relatively + Adverbio.

* de una forma simple = in a simple manner, simply.

* de una forma tautológica = tautologically.

* de una forma u otra = in some form or other, in one way or another, one way or another, in one form or another.

* de una nueva forma = in a new way.

* dispuesto de forma uniforme = regimented.

* división de forma = form division.

* edificio en forma de cubo = cubic building.

* en buena forma = in good nick.

* encabezamiento de forma = form heading.

* encontrar la forma de = devise + ways.

* en forma = fit [fitter -comp., fittest -sup.], toned.

* en forma de = in the form of, in the shape of.

* en forma de A = A-shaped.

* en forma de arco = arched, bowed.

* en forma de capa = cape-like.

* en forma de cruz = cross-shaped.

* en forma de cuadrado = square-shaped.

* en forma de cuña = wedge-shaped.

* en forma de cúpula = dome-shaped, domed.

* en forma de D = d-shaped.

* en forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].

* en forma de libro = in book form.

* en forma de medialuna = crescent-shaped.

* en forma de parásito = parasitically.

* en forma de pera = pear-shaped.

* en forma de pirámide = pyramidal-shaped.

* en forma de trompeta = trumpet-shaped.

* en forma de U = U-shaped.

* en forma de V = V-shaped.

* en forma física = physically fit.

* en forma física y mental = physically and mentally fit.

* en forma ovalada = oval-shaped.

* en forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.

* en mala forma = in bad nick.

* en plena forma = in peak condition, in tip-top form, in tip-top condition.

* en su forma más básica = at its most basic.

* entintar la forma = beat + the forme.

* entrada de forma = form entry.

* estar en forma = be in shape, be in good shape.

* estar ordenado en forma circular = be on a wheel.

* faceta de forma = Form facet.

* forma adjetival = adjectival form.

* forma artística = art form.

* forma de actuar = discourse.

* forma de comportamiento = mode of behaviour, way of conduct.

* forma de conducta = mode of conduct, way of conduct.

* forma de conseguir algo = lever.

* forma de doble fondo = double-faced mould.

* forma de escribir = writing style.

* forma de evitar Algo = way round + Algo.

* forma de evitar una dificultad = way (a)round + difficulty.

* forma de evitar un problema = way round + problem.

* forma de expresión = way of expression, mode of expression.

* forma de funcionar = business model.

* forma de hablar = manner of speaking.

* forma de hacer papel = paper mould.

* forma de impresión = composing frame, forme, plate, frame.

* forma de la curva estadística en su valor más alto = peak-shape.

* forma de pago = form of payment.

* forma de papel vitela = wove mould.

* forma de pensar = thinking, belief system, set of opinions, mode of thought, mode of thinking.

* forma de presentación = form of presentation.

* forma de trabajar = working practice, work practice, business model.

* forma de un solo fondo = single-faced mould.

* forma de un solo fondo para papel verjurado = single-faced laid mould.

* forma de ver las cosas = way of putting things together, bent of mind.

* forma de vida = way of life.

* forma excelente = commanding form.

* forma física = physical form, physical condition, physical shape.

* forma flexionada = inflected form.

* forma geométrica = geometric shape, geometric pattern.

* forma impresa = hard copy [hardcopy].

* forma intelectual = intellectual form.

* forma manual = hand mould.

* forma nominal = noun form.

* forma para papel verjurado = laid mould.

* ganar de forma abrumadora = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.

* ganar de forma aplastante = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down, win by + a landslide.

* ganar de forma arrolladora = win by + a landslide.

* guardar las formas = keep up + appearances.

* indicar las formas (de/en que) = point to + ways (of/in which).

* la forma correcta de hacer las cosas = the way to go.

* la forma de = ways and means (of/for/to/in/by).

* la forma de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.

* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.

* la mejor forma de hacer Algo = lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.

* no haber forma de = there + be + no way.

* no hay forma de que = for the life of me.

* ofrecer una forma de = provide + a way of/to.

* orientado hacia la forma = form-oriented.

* participar de forma activa = involve.

* participar de forma activa en = engage in.

* participar de una forma activa = become + involved.

* pensar de forma creativa = think out(side) + (of) the box.

* poner en forma = buff up.

* ponerse en forma = get + fit.

* ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.

* por la forma = by the way.

* presentar en forma de tabla = tabulate.

* red en forma de estrella = star network [star-network].

* sentirse en plena forma = feel + tip-top.

* ser la forma abreviada de = be short for.

* ser la forma de = be a recipe for.

* ser mirado de forma extraña = get + some funny looks.

* ser una forma de = provide + a way of/to.

* sin forma = bodilessly, formless.

* sugerir la forma de = suggest + way in which.

* tener forma + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in shape.

* terminar de forma positiva = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* tomar forma = take + form, take + shape, assume + form, shape up.

* una buena forma de empezar = a good way to start.

* volver a dar forma = reshape [re-shape].

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (contorno, apariencia) shape

tiene forma circular — it's circular (in shape)

en forma de cruz — in the shape of a cross

tiene la forma de un platillo — it's the shape of a saucer

dar forma a algo — ( al barro) to shape something; ( a proyecto) to give shape to something

tomar forma — to take shape

el suéter ha tomado la forma de la percha — the sweater's been stretched out of shape by the coat hanger

b) (tipo, modalidad) form

la discriminación no se tolerará bajo ninguna de sus formas — discrimination will not be tolerated in any shape or form

el medicamento se presenta en forma de comprimidos — the medicine comes in tablet form

2) (Lit) (de una novela, obra) form; (Fil) form

3) (Ling) form

4) (Dep, Med)

estar/mantenerse en forma — to be/keep fit

está en baja forma — he's not on form

en plena forma — on top form

en forma — (AmL fam)

una comida en forma — a good square meal (colloq)

nos divertimos en forma — (AmL fam) we had a really good time

5) (manera, modo) way

es su forma de ser — it's just the way he is

tiene una forma de ser que desconcierta — he has a rather disconcerting manner

qué forma de gritar! — there's no need to shout!

así no hay forma de entenderse — we'll never get anywhere like this

no veía la forma de convencerlo — I couldn't see how to convince him

de forma que — (frml) in such a way that

de cualquier forma or de todas formas — anyway, in any case

- forma de pago

6) formas femenino plural

a) ( de mujer) figure

b) ( apariencias) appearances (pl)

guardar las formas — to keep up appearances

7) (Méx) ( formulario) form

* * *

= approach [approaches, -pl.], form, guise, means, mode, shape, way, mould [mold, -USA], shaping, complexion, manner, fashion.

Ex: During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.

Ex: It is under the chosen form of heading that the catalogue entry for a particular document is filed and hence located.

Ex: In various guises, the basic concepts have found application in the design of a number of special classification schemes.

Ex: The easiest means of illustrating some of the foregoing points is to introduce in outline some special classification schemes.

Ex: Various modes of operation are possible for such a journal, and the precise operation will depend upon the type of information being conveyed.

Ex: If the book has an unusual shape then both the height and the width of the book will be given.

Ex: They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.

Ex: The two moulds, which were twins, were oblong wire sieves mounted on wooden frames, and the deckle was a removable wooden rim which could be fitted to either mould to make it into a tray-like sieve with a raised edge.

Ex: The process of shaping the scientific and technical propaganda into a legitimate specialisation is described.

Ex: These documents contain the Commission's sentiments on how policy should be evolved in particular sectors and what complexion it should take = Estos documentos contienen el sentir de la Comisión de cómo debería desarrollarse la política en sectores concretos y qué cariz debería tomar.

Ex: City planning is a body of techniques and theories for co-ordinative decision-making which tries to distribute the community's resources in a manner which will best achieve the community's specific goals, whatever they may be = El urbanismo es un conjunto de técnicas y teorías para la toma coordinada de decisiones que intenta distribuir los recursos de la comunidad de tal forma que se consigan mejor los objetivos específicos de ésta, sean cuales sean.

Ex: It was on the tip of his tongue to say: 'Must you speak to me in this uncivilized fashion?' But he discreetly forbore.

* acabar de forma positiva = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* actuar de forma negligente = be remiss.

* adoptar forma = take + shape.

* adoptar la forma de = take + form, take + the form of, come in + the form of.

* aprender de la forma más difícil = learn + the hard way.

* asumir una forma = assume + form.

* botón en forma de palo = toggle fastener.

* buena forma física = fitness, physical fitness.

* buscar la forma de = look for + ways to.

* buscar la forma de + Infinitivo = develop + way of + Gerundio.

* buscar una forma de hacer (algo) = develop + way + to make + Nombre.

* caer en forma de cascada = cascade.

* cambiar de forma = shape-shift.

* cambiar de forma de vivir = turn + Posesivo + life around.

* catálogo encuadernado en forma de listado de ordenador = computer book form catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de álbum = guard (book) catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de libro = bookform catalogue, book catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de libro encuadernado = bound book form catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de listado = computer print-out catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de listado de ordenador = computer book form catalogue.

* catálogo impreso en forma de libro = printed book catalogue.

* como forma de vida = as a way of life.

* como una forma de = as a means of.

* concepto de forma = form concept.

* con forma de castillo = castellated.

* con forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].

* con forma de pelo = hair-like.

* con forma de pera = pear-shaped.

* con forma de pirámide = trihedral, pyramidal-shaped.

* con forma de tetraedro = trihedral.

* con forma de U = U-shaped.

* con forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.

* dar cuerpo y forma a = lend + substance and form to.

* dar forma = become + cast, give + shape, shape, mould [mold, -USA], inform.

* dar nueva forma = reformat [re-format].

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complementaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma regular = regularly.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.

* de la misma forma que = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as), in much the same way as.

* de la otra forma = the other way (a)round.

* de muchas formas = in more ways than one.

* de ninguna forma = in any way at all.

* de ninguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de nuevas formas = in new ways.

* de otra forma = in any other way.

* describir de forma general = outline.

* de tal forma que + ser/estar = in such form as to + be.

* de todas formas = anyway(s), at any rate, anyhow.

* de todas las formas posibles = in any and all ways.

* de una forma = in a fashion.

* de una forma + Adjetivo = in + Adjetivo + manner.

* de una forma ambigua = ambiguously.

* de una forma brillante = brilliantly.

* de una forma deplorable = execrably.

* de una forma fácil = easily.

* de una forma hábil = skilfully [skillfully, -USA].

* de una forma intangible = intangibly.

* de una forma lógica = logically.

* de una forma monstruosa = monstrously.

* de una forma organizada = in an organised fashion.

* de una forma rápida = quickly.

* de una forma relativamente + Nombre = relatively + Adverbio.

* de una forma simple = in a simple manner, simply.

* de una forma tautológica = tautologically.

* de una forma u otra = in some form or other, in one way or another, one way or another, in one form or another.

* de una nueva forma = in a new way.

* dispuesto de forma uniforme = regimented.

* división de forma = form division.

* edificio en forma de cubo = cubic building.

* en buena forma = in good nick.

* encabezamiento de forma = form heading.

* encontrar la forma de = devise + ways.

* en forma = fit [fitter -comp., fittest -sup.], toned.

* en forma de = in the form of, in the shape of.

* en forma de A = A-shaped.

* en forma de arco = arched, bowed.

* en forma de capa = cape-like.

* en forma de cruz = cross-shaped.

* en forma de cuadrado = square-shaped.

* en forma de cuña = wedge-shaped.

* en forma de cúpula = dome-shaped, domed.

* en forma de D = d-shaped.

* en forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].

* en forma de libro = in book form.

* en forma de medialuna = crescent-shaped.

* en forma de parásito = parasitically.

* en forma de pera = pear-shaped.

* en forma de pirámide = pyramidal-shaped.

* en forma de trompeta = trumpet-shaped.

* en forma de U = U-shaped.

* en forma de V = V-shaped.

* en forma física = physically fit.

* en forma física y mental = physically and mentally fit.

* en forma ovalada = oval-shaped.

* en forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.

* en mala forma = in bad nick.

* en plena forma = in peak condition, in tip-top form, in tip-top condition.

* en su forma más básica = at its most basic.

* entintar la forma = beat + the forme.

* entrada de forma = form entry.

* estar en forma = be in shape, be in good shape.

* estar ordenado en forma circular = be on a wheel.

* faceta de forma = Form facet.

* forma adjetival = adjectival form.

* forma artística = art form.

* forma de actuar = discourse.

* forma de comportamiento = mode of behaviour, way of conduct.

* forma de conducta = mode of conduct, way of conduct.

* forma de conseguir algo = lever.

* forma de doble fondo = double-faced mould.

* forma de escribir = writing style.

* forma de evitar Algo = way round + Algo.

* forma de evitar una dificultad = way (a)round + difficulty.

* forma de evitar un problema = way round + problem.

* forma de expresión = way of expression, mode of expression.

* forma de funcionar = business model.

* forma de hablar = manner of speaking.

* forma de hacer papel = paper mould.

* forma de impresión = composing frame, forme, plate, frame.

* forma de la curva estadística en su valor más alto = peak-shape.

* forma de pago = form of payment.

* forma de papel vitela = wove mould.

* forma de pensar = thinking, belief system, set of opinions, mode of thought, mode of thinking.

* forma de presentación = form of presentation.

* forma de trabajar = working practice, work practice, business model.

* forma de un solo fondo = single-faced mould.

* forma de un solo fondo para papel verjurado = single-faced laid mould.

* forma de ver las cosas = way of putting things together, bent of mind.

* forma de vida = way of life.

* forma excelente = commanding form.

* forma física = physical form, physical condition, physical shape.

* forma flexionada = inflected form.

* forma geométrica = geometric shape, geometric pattern.

* forma impresa = hard copy [hardcopy].

* forma intelectual = intellectual form.

* forma manual = hand mould.

* forma nominal = noun form.

* forma para papel verjurado = laid mould.

* ganar de forma abrumadora = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.

* ganar de forma aplastante = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down, win by + a landslide.

* ganar de forma arrolladora = win by + a landslide.

* guardar las formas = keep up + appearances.

* indicar las formas (de/en que) = point to + ways (of/in which).

* la forma correcta de hacer las cosas = the way to go.

* la forma de = ways and means (of/for/to/in/by).

* la forma de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.

* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.

* la mejor forma de hacer Algo = lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.

* no haber forma de = there + be + no way.

* no hay forma de que = for the life of me.

* ofrecer una forma de = provide + a way of/to.

* orientado hacia la forma = form-oriented.

* participar de forma activa = involve.

* participar de forma activa en = engage in.

* participar de una forma activa = become + involved.

* pensar de forma creativa = think out(side) + (of) the box.

* poner en forma = buff up.

* ponerse en forma = get + fit.

* ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.

* por la forma = by the way.

* presentar en forma de tabla = tabulate.

* red en forma de estrella = star network [star-network].

* sentirse en plena forma = feel + tip-top.

* ser la forma abreviada de = be short for.

* ser la forma de = be a recipe for.

* ser mirado de forma extraña = get + some funny looks.

* ser una forma de = provide + a way of/to.

* sin forma = bodilessly, formless.

* sugerir la forma de = suggest + way in which.

* tener forma + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in shape.

* terminar de forma positiva = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* tomar forma = take + form, take + shape, assume + form, shape up.

* una buena forma de empezar = a good way to start.

* volver a dar forma = reshape [re-shape].

* * *

forma

feminine

A

1 (contorno, apariencia) shape

tiene forma circular it's circular (in shape)

en forma de cruz in the shape of a cross

tiene la forma de un platillo it's the shape of a saucer o it's saucer-shaped

los tenemos de todas formas y tamaños we have them in all shapes and sizes

el alfarero da forma al barro the potter shapes the clay

finalmente logró dar forma a sus proyectos he finally managed to give some shape to his plans

el suéter ha cogido la forma de la percha the sweater's been stretched out of shape by the coat hanger

el príncipe tomó la forma de una rana the prince turned into a frog

la escultura/el proyecto está empezando a tomar forma the sculpture/plan is beginning to take shape

2 (tipo, modalidad) form

la discriminación no puede ser tolerada bajo ninguna de sus formas discrimination cannot be tolerated in any shape or form

las distintas formas de vida animal the different forms of animal life

el medicamento se presenta en forma de supositorios y de comprimidos the medicine comes in suppository or tablet form

B

1 ( Lit) (de una novela, obra) form

fondo y forma form and content

2 ( Der):

un defecto de forma a technicality ( in drafting or presentation)

3 ( Fil) form

C ( Ling) form

la forma singular the singular (form)

D ( Dep, Med):

estar/mantenerse en forma to be/keep fit

esta temporada está en baja forma this season he's off form o he's not in good form

me siento en plena forma I feel on top form

en forma ( AmL fam): una comida en forma a good square meal ( colloq)

hoy nos divertimos en forma we had a terrific o fantastic time today

metiste la pata en (gran) forma you really put your foot in it ( colloq)

E (manera, modo) way

es su forma de ser it's just his way, it's just the way he is

no me gusta nada su forma de organizar las cosas I don't like his way of organizing things at all

¡qué forma de gritar, ni que estuviese sorda! there's no need to shout, I'm not deaf!

así no hay forma de entenderse we'll never get anywhere like this

lo hizo de forma que él no se enterase ( frml); she did it in such a way that he would not find out

de cualquier forma or de todas formas or de una forma o de otra anyway, in any case

Compuesto:

forma de pago

form o method of payment

F formas fpl

1 (de una mujer) figure

2 (apariencias) appearances (pl)

en público siempre guardan or cubren las formas they always keep up appearances in public

G ( Méx) (formulario) form

* * *

Del verbo formar: ( conjugate formar)

forma es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
forma
formar
forma sustantivo femenino
1
a) (contorno, apariencia) shape;

◊ en forma de cruz in the shape of a cross;

tiene la forma de un platillo it's the shape of a saucer;
dar forma a algo ( al barro) to shape sth;

( a proyecto) to give shape to sth
b) (tipo, modalidad) form;

◊ distintas formas de vida animal different forms of animal life;

forma de pago form o method of payment
2 (Dep, Med):
◊ estar en forma to be fit;

está en baja forma he's not on form;
en plena forma on top form;
en forma: nos divertimos en forma we had a really good time
3 (manera, modo) way;
◊ es su forma de ser it's just the way he is;

¡vaya forma de conducir! what a way to drive!;
forma de vida way of life;
de forma distinta differently;
de cualquier forma or de todas formas anyway, in any case
4
◊ formas sustantivo femenino plural

a) ( de mujer) figure

b) ( apariencias) appearances (pl);

◊ guardar las formas to keep up appearances

5 (Méx) ( formulario) form
formar ( conjugate formar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( crear) ‹círculo/figura› to make, form;

‹asociación/gobierno› to form, set up;
‹ barricada› to set up;
◊ ¡formen parejas! ( en clase) get into pairs o twos!;

( en baile) take your partners!
b) (Ling) to form

c) (Mil) ‹ tropas› to have … fall in

2 ( componer) to make up;
◊ un equipo formado por cinco personas a team made up of five people;

forma parte de algo to be part of sth, to belong to sth
3 ‹carácter/espíritu› to form, shape
4 ( educar) to bring up;
( para trabajo) to train
verbo intransitivo (Mil) to fall in
formarse verbo pronominal
1
a) (hacerse, crearse) [grupo/organismo] to form;

◊ se formó una cola a line (AmE) o (BrE) queue formed

b) ( desarrollarse) [niño/huesos] to develop

c) ‹idea/opinión› to form

2 ( educarse) to be educated;
( para trabajo) to be trained
forma sustantivo femenino
1 form, shape: una vasija en forma de campana, a bell-shaped vessel
2 (modo) way: hazlo de otra forma do it another way
no hay forma de probarlo, there's no way to prove it
forma de pago, method of payment
3 Dep form: está en baja forma, she's off form
me mantengo en forma, I keep fit 4 formas, (modales) manners
guardar las formas, to keep up appearances
♦ Locuciones: de forma que, so that
de todas formas, anyway, in any case
formar verbo transitivo
1 to form
2 (criar) to bring up
(instruir) to educate, train
' forma' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- acento
- aerodinámica
- aerodinámico
- amorfa
- amorfo
- anacrónica
- anacrónico
- borla
- cerrada
- cerrado
- circular
- congruente
- cónica
- cónico
- corpórea
- corpóreo
- defraudar
- diferente
- ser
- escribano
- estrafalaria
- estrafalario
- estrechamiento
- estrellada
- estrellado
- formalmente
- herida
- histriónica
- histriónico
- imitar
- inicua
- inicuo
- ladrón
- ladrona
- mercenaria
- mercenario
- modo
- óptica
- oscurecer
- pequeña
- pequeño
- política
- redonda
- redondo
- sambenito
- tallar
- tela
- tener
- Tiro
English:
A
- agenda
- agree
- alternately
- amusing
- an
- and
- angular
- anyhow
- arrange
- as
- attuned to
- be
- begin
- best
- blend
- circle
- crescent
- cupcake
- day
- deny
- diamond
- disgusting
- do
- enjoy
- expect
- expedient
- faint
- figure
- fish
- fit
- fitness
- form
- freeware
- from
- go
- heart-shaped
- hexagon
- jelly baby
- jelly bean
- Jerkily
- keep
- kidney shaped
- lack
- lie
- manner
- mister
- must
- parcel
- pear-shaped

* * *

forma nf

1. [figura] shape, form;

¿qué forma tiene? what shape is it?;

en forma de triángulo in the shape of a triangle;

en forma de L L-shaped;

el escultor dio forma al barro the sculptor shaped the clay;

tener forma ovalada o [m5] de óvalo to be oval (in shape);

el proyecto comienza a tomar forma the project is starting to take shape

2. [manera] way, manner;

tiene una forma de hablar muy divertida she has a very funny way of talking;

no ha habido forma de localizarlo it was impossible to find him;

se puede hacer de varias formas it can be done in several different ways;

lo siento, es mi forma de ser I'm sorry, that's just the way I am o that's just my way;

¡qué forma de llover! it's absolutely pouring down!;

de cualquier forma, de todas formas anyway, in any case;

si lo hacemos de esta forma, acabaremos antes if we do it this way, we'll finish earlier;

viajaremos en segunda, de esta forma recortaremos gastos we can travel second class, that way we'll keep the cost down;

han organizado las conferencias de forma que haya diez minutos de intervalo entre ellas they've arranged the speeches in such a way that there's a ten-minute break between each one;

llegaremos a las ocho, de forma que podamos comenzar temprano we'll be there by eight so (that) we can start early;

dobla la camisa de forma que no se arruguen las mangas fold the shirt so (that) the sleeves don't get creased

Comp
forma de pago method of payment
3. [manifestación] form;

la fotografía es una forma de arte photography is an art form

4. [condición física] fitness;

estar en forma to be fit;

estar en baja/plena forma to be in poor/top shape;

vuelvo a estar en plena forma I'm fully fit again;

mantenerse/ponerse en forma to keep/get fit

Comp
forma física physical fitness;
en perfecta forma física in perfect (physical) shape

5. [de equipo, artista] form;

estar en forma to be on form;

estar en baja/plena forma to be off form/on top form

6.
formas [silueta] figure, curves;

un cuerpo de formas armoniosas a curvaceous body

7.
formas [modales] manners, social conventions;

guardar las formas to keep up appearances

8. [horma, molde] mould

9. Rel host;

la Sagrada Forma the Holy Host

10. Arte & Lit form;

a este escritor le importa más la forma que el contenido this writer is more interested in form than content

11. Ling form;

en forma plural in the plural

12. Méx [formulario] form

* * *

forma

f

1 form

2 ( apariencia) shape;

en forma de in the shape of;

dar forma a algo shape sth

3 ( manera) way;

de forma que in such a way that;

de todas formas in any case, anyway;

de alguna forma, en cierta forma in a way;

de cualquier forma anyway;

de ninguna forma not in the slightest, fam no way;

no hay forma de que coma/estudie nothing will make him eat/study, it’s impossible to get him to eat/study

4

:

formas pl proprieties;

guardar las formas keep up appearances

5

:

estar en forma be fit;

mantenerse en forma stay in shape

6 Méx ( formulario) form

* * *

forma nf

1) : form, shape

2) manera, modo: manner, way

3) : fitness

estar en forma: to be fit, to be in shape

4) formas nfpl

: appearances, conventions

* * *

forma n

1. (contorno) shape

¿qué forma tiene? what shape is it?

tiene forma de corazón it's heart shaped

una tarta suele tener una forma redonda cakes are usually round in shape

2. (manera) way

su forma de trabajar his way of working

de forma distinta in a different way / differently

de todas formas anyway

estar en forma to be fit

mantenerse en forma to keep fit

ponerse en forma to get fit

Spanish-English dictionary > forma
3 modales

adj. & m. pl.

modals.

m.pl.

manners, breeding, education.

* * *

modales

► nombre masculino plural

1 manners

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

tener buenos/malos modales to have good/bad manners

* * *

noun m. plural

manners

* * *

SMPL manners

te lo daré si lo pides con buenos modales — I'll give it to you if you ask nicely o politely

* * *

masculino plural manners (pl)

tener buenos/malos modales — to be well-mannered/bad-mannered

tiene que aprender modales — she needs to learn some manners

* * *

= manner, social graces.

Ex. But there was no trace of sinisterness in Balzac's manner.

Ex. In all public contacts, one strives to maintain a basic level of social graces by deploying the force and warmth of one's personality to ensure that the other person is at ease.

----

* con buenos modales = politely.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* modales con el paciente = bedside manners.

* modales en la mesa = table manners.

* * *

masculino plural manners (pl)

tener buenos/malos modales — to be well-mannered/bad-mannered

tiene que aprender modales — she needs to learn some manners

* * *

= manner, social graces.

Ex: But there was no trace of sinisterness in Balzac's manner.

Ex: In all public contacts, one strives to maintain a basic level of social graces by deploying the force and warmth of one's personality to ensure that the other person is at ease.

* con buenos modales = politely.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* modales con el paciente = bedside manners.

* modales en la mesa = table manners.

* * *

modales

mpl

manners (pl)

tiene muy buenos/malos modales he is very well-mannered/bad-mannered, he has very good/bad manners

tiene que aprender modales she needs to learn some manners

* * *

modales sustantivo masculino plural
manners (pl);
◊ tener buenos/malos modales to be well-mannered/bad-mannered

modales mpl manners
buenos/malos modales, good/bad manners

' modales' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ademán
- agreste
- compostura
- concretamente
- fina
- fino
- forma
- grosería
- lamida
- lamido
- refinar
- tosca
- tosco
- tosquedad
- brusco
- burdo
- campesino
- corrección
- corregir
- delicado
- denotar
- educación
- femenino
- hombruno
- huaso
- manera
- modo
- pulido
- refinado
- suave
English:
also
- boorish
- coarse
- cringe
- gruff
- high-handed
- manner
- polished
- propriety
- still
- well-mannered
- grace
- nicely
- politely
- well

* * *

modales

mpl manners;

buenos modales good manners

* * *

modales nmpl

: manners

* * *

modales npl manners

tiene buenos modales he's got good manners

Spanish-English dictionary > modales
4 manera

f.

1 way, manner.

a manera de as, by way of (como)

a la manera de in the style of, after the fashion of

a mi manera de ver the way I see it

de cualquier manera any old how; (sin cuidado) anyway, in any case (de todos modos)

de esta manera in this way

de mala manera badly (peninsular Spanish)

lo hice de la misma manera que ayer/tú I did it the same way as yesterday/you

de manera que so (that)

de ninguna manera, en manera alguna by no means, under no circumstances; (refuerza negación) no way!, certainly not! (respuesta exclamativa)

de todas maneras anyway

de una manera o de otra one way or another

en cierta manera in a way

no hay manera there is no way, it's impossible

¡contigo no hay manera! you're impossible!

¡qué manera de llover! just look at that rain!

manera de pensar way of thinking

manera de ser way of being, nature

2 fashion, style.

* * *

manera

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) way, manner

► nombre femenino plural maneras

1 (educación) manners

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a manera de by way of

a la manera de in the style of

a mi (tu etc) manera my (your etc) way

de cualquier manera (en cualquier caso) in any case 2 (sin cuidado, consideración, interés) carelessly

de manera que so that

de ninguna manera certainly not

de todas maneras in any case, anyhow

de mala manera familiar (groseramente) rudely 2 (con violencia) roughly

¡de una manera! in such a way!

de una manera o de otra whatever way

en cierta manera in a way

en gran manera enormously

no hay manera it's impossible

¡qué manera de... ! what a way to... !

manera de ser character

* * *

noun f.

way, manner

- de manera que
- de ninguna manera
- de todas maneras
* * *

SF

1) (=modo) way

hay varias maneras de hacerlo — there are various ways of doing it

eso no es manera de tratar a un animal — that's not the way to treat an animal, that's no way to treat an animal

hazlo de la manera que sea — do it however o the way you like

de una manera u otra — (in) one way or another

¡llovía de una manera! — it was really pouring down!

¡nunca he visto nevar de esta manera! — I've never seen it snow like this!

no hubo manera de convencerla — there was no convincing her, there was no way we could convince her

• a mi/tu etc manera — my/your etc way

lo hice a mi manera — I did it my way

a mi manera de ver, tenemos dos opciones — the way I see it, we have two options

• a la manera de algn/algo, siguen arando a la manera de sus abuelos — they still plough as o in the way their grandfathers did

una novela escrita a la manera de Kafka — a novel written in a Kafkaesque manner o in the style of Kafka

• de manera perfecta — perfectly, in a perfect way

nos recibió de manera cortés — he received us courteously o in a courteous way

• de esta manera — (in) this way, (in) this fashion

• de la misma manera — (in) the same way, (in) the same fashion

manera de ser, es su manera de ser — that's the way she is

cada uno tiene una manera de ser — everyone has their own character

2) [locuciones]

• de alguna manera — (=en cierto modo) to some extent; (=de cualquier modo) somehow; [al principio de frase] in a way, in some ways

• en cierta manera — in a way, to a certain extent

• de cualquier manera — (=sin cuidado) any old how; (=de todos modos) anyway

• en gran manera — to a large extent

• de mala manera, le pegó de mala manera — he hit her really hard

lo estafaron de mala manera — * they really ripped him off *

me contestó de muy mala manera — he answered me very rudely

ese tío se enrolla de mala manera — * that guy just can't stop jabbering *

• de ninguna manera, eso no lo vamos a aceptar de ninguna manera — there's no way we are going to accept that

de ninguna manera deben paralizarse las obras — on no account must the work stop

no quiero de ninguna manera implicarla en esto — I don't want to involve her in this in any way

no se parece de ninguna manera a lo que habíamos imaginado — it's nothing like we had imagined

¡de ninguna manera! — certainly not!, no way!

• de otra manera — (=de otro modo) in a different way; (=por otra parte) otherwise

los jóvenes entienden el mundo de otra manera — young people see the world in a different way

las cosas podrían haber sido de otra manera — things could have been different

no podía ser de otra manera — it couldn't be any other way

de otra manera, no es posible entender su actitud — otherwise, it's impossible to understand his attitude

dicho de otra manera — in other words, to put it another way

• sobre manera — exceedingly

• de tal manera que... — in such a way that...

• de todas maneras — anyway, in any case

3)

• de manera que — [antes de verbo] so; [después de verbo] so that

¿de manera que esto no te gusta? — so you don't like this?

lo hizo de manera que nadie se dio cuenta — he did it so that nobody noticed

4) pl maneras (=modales) manners

buenas maneras — good manners

se lo dije con buenas maneras — I told him politely

malas maneras — bad manners, rudeness

con muy malas maneras — very rudely

tener maneras — LAm to have good manners, be well-mannered

5) liter (=tipo) kind

otra manera de valentía — another kind of courage

6) (Arte, Literat) (=estilo) style

las diferentes maneras de Picasso — Picasso's different styles
MANERA, FORMA, MODO De manera + ((adjetivo)) ► Cuando de manera + ((adjetivo)) añade información sobre una acción, la traducción más frecuente al inglés es un adverbio terminado en -ly. En inglés este tipo de adverbio es mucho más común que el equivalente - mente español: Todos estos cambios ocurren de manera natural All these changes happen naturally La Constitución prohíbe de manera expresa la especulación inmobiliaria The Constitution expressly forbids speculation in real estate ► De manera + ((adjetivo)) también se puede traducir por in a + ((adjetvo)) + way si no existe un adverbio terminado en -ly que equivalga al adjetivo: Se lo dijo de manera amistosa He said it to her in a friendly way ► En los casos en que se quiere hacer hincapié en la manera de hacer algo, se puede utilizar tanto un adverbio en -ly como la construcción in a + ((adjetivo)) + way, aunque esta última posibilidad es más frecuente: Tienes que intentar comportarte de manera responsable You must try to behave responsibly o in a responsible way Ellos podrán ayudarte a manejar tu negocio de manera profesional They'll be able to help you run your business professionally o in a professional way Para otros usos y ejemplos ver manera, forma, modo
* * *

femenino

1)

a) (modo, forma) way

yo lo hago a mi manera — I do it my way, I have my own way of doing it

¿qué manera de comer es ésa? — that's no way to eat your food

comimos de una manera...! — you should have seen the amount we ate!

qué manera de malgastar el dinero! — what a waste of money!

no saldrás a la calle vestida de esa manera ¿no? — you're not going out dressed like that, are you?

se puede ir vestido de cualquier manera — you can dress however you want

no lo pongas así de cualquier manera, dóblalo — don't just put it in any which way (AmE) o (BrE) any old how, fold it up

de alguna manera tendré que conseguirlo — I'll have to get it somehow (or other)

de una manera u otra habrá que terminarlo — it'll have to be finished one way or another

no hay/hubo manera — it is/it was impossible

b) (en locs)

a manera de — by way of

se levantó el sombrero a manera de saludo — he lifted his hat in greeting

de cualquier manera or de todas maneras — anyway

de manera que — ( así que) (+ indic) so; ( para que) (+ subj) so that, so

de ninguna manera: ¿me lo das? - de ninguna manera will you give it to me? - certainly not; de ninguna manera lo voy a permitir there's no way I'm going to allow it; no son de ninguna manera inferiores they are in no way inferior; sobre manera sobremanera; de mala manera: me contestó de muy mala manera she answered me very rudely; la trataba de mala manera he used to treat her badly; los precios han subido de mala manera (Esp) prices have shot up (colloq); lo malcrió de mala manera (Esp) she spoiled him terribly o (colloq) rotten; querer algo de mala manera — (Esp fam) to want something really badly

- manera de ser

2) maneras femenino plural ( modales) manners (pl)

* * *

= approach [approaches, -pl.], avenue, form, guise, means, way, manner, fashion.

Ex. During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.

Ex. In the attempt to match the above criteria, there are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.

Ex. It is under the chosen form of heading that the catalogue entry for a particular document is filed and hence located.

Ex. In various guises, the basic concepts have found application in the design of a number of special classification schemes.

Ex. The easiest means of illustrating some of the foregoing points is to introduce in outline some special classification schemes.

Ex. They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.

Ex. City planning is a body of techniques and theories for co-ordinative decision-making which tries to distribute the community's resources in a manner which will best achieve the community's specific goals, whatever they may be = El urbanismo es un conjunto de técnicas y teorías para la toma coordinada de decisiones que intenta distribuir los recursos de la comunidad de tal forma que se consigan mejor los objetivos específicos de ésta, sean cuales sean.

Ex. It was on the tip of his tongue to say: 'Must you speak to me in this uncivilized fashion?' But he discreetly forbore.

----

* a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.

* buscar la manera de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.

* conseguido de manera dudosa = ill-gotten.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* dejar que Alguien haga las cosas a su manera = let + Nombre + do things + Posesivo + (own) way.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mejor manera posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.

* de la misma manera = by the same token.

* de la misma manera (que) = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as).

* de la otra manera = the other way (a)round.

* de las dos maneras = in both ways.

* de la siguiente manera = in the following terms.

* de manera amena = pleasantly.

* de manera clara = distinctly, clearly.

* de manera confusa = hazily.

* de manera conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de manera constructiva = constructively.

* de manera decepcionante = disappointingly.

* de manera deprimente = sombrely [somberly, -USA].

* de manera despreocupada = casually.

* de manera desproporcionada = disproportionately.

* de manera divertida = funnily.

* de manera encantadora = winningly.

* de manera escandalosa = outrageously.

* de manera especial = in a certain way, in a special way.

* de manera esquemática = briefly.

* de manera estupenda = marvellously [marvelously, -USA].

* de manera extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de manera global = holistically.

* de manera graciosa = funnily.

* de manera grotesca = grotesquely.

* de manera humillante = abjectly.

* de manera inconsecuente = inconsistently.

* de manera informal = casually.

* de manera inquietante = eerily.

* de manera insinuante = suggestively.

* de manera intermitente = intermittently.

* de manera involuntaria = involuntarily.

* de manera lamentable = lamentably, miserably.

* de manera lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de manera maravillosa = marvellously [marvelously, -USA].

* de manera marginal = tangentially.

* de manera memorable = memorably.

* de manera misteriosa = eerily.

* de manera muy clara = in no uncertain terms.

* de manera muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de manera muy superficial = sketchily.

* de manera negativa = in a negative light.

* de manera obsesiva = neurotically.

* de manera óptima = optimally.

* de manera poco convincente = lamely.

* de manera poco ética = unethically.

* de manera poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de manera positiva = in a positive light.

* de manera precisa = precisely.

* de manera preocupante = disturbingly.

* de manera previsible = predictably.

* de manera protectora = protectively.

* de manera provocativa = suggestively.

* de manera que = in a form that.

* de manera rara = oddly, funnily.

* de manera realista = realistically.

* de manera semipermanente = on a semi-permanent basis.

* de manera significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de manera similar = in a similar way.

* de manera similar a = in a similar manner to.

* de manera sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de manera sorprendente = shockingly.

* de manera sutil = subtly.

* de manera tangencial = tangentially.

* de manera uniforme = evenly.

* de manera vaga = hazily.

* de mejor manera = best.

* de muchas maneras = in every way, in more ways than one.

* de ninguna manera = at all, in any sense of the word, not at all, under no/any circumstances, on no account, not on any account, in any way at all.

* !de ninguna manera! = Not on your life!, over + Posesivo + dead body.

* de nuevas maneras = in new ways.

* de tal manera que = so that.

* de todas maneras = at any rate.

* de una manera + Adjetivo = in + Adjetivo + fashion, in a + Adjetivo + manner, in + Adjetivo + manner, in a + Adjetivo + vein.

* de una manera eficaz = competently.

* de una manera extraña = strangely.

* de una manera genial = in a masterful way.

* de una manera lógica = logically.

* de una manera más sencilla = in digestible form.

* de una manera rara = strangely.

* de una manera satisfactoria = neatly.

* de una manera seductora = seductively.

* de una manera significativa = meaningfully.

* de una manera simple = in a simple manner.

* de una manera solemne = solemnly.

* de una manera tentad = seductively.

* de una manera tentadora = seductively.

* de una manera torpe = awkwardly, cumbrously.

* de una misma manera = in a similar fashion.

* de una nueva manera = in a new way.

* estudiar la manera de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.

* expresar de otra manera = rephrase.

* fracasar de manera lamentable = fail + miserably, fail + dismally.

* justo de la misma manera que = in just the same way as.

* la manera de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.

* la mejor manera = how best.

* la mejor manera de = the best way of.

* manera de actuar = line of attack.

* manera de pensar = way of thinking.

* manera de trabajar = work practice.

* manera de tratar = avenue of approach.

* manera de ver las cosas = line of thought.

* no haber manera de = there + be + no way.

* no hay manera de que = for the life of me.

* pero no hubo manera = but no dice.

* ponerlo de otra manera = put it + in a different way.

* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.

* por la manera = by the way.

* presentar de manera esquemática = give + overview.

* redactar de otra manera = reword.

* ser la manera de = be a recipe for.

* ser la mejor manera de = be the conduit for.

* una manera de empezar = a foot in the door.

* usar de manera general = be in general use.

* ver las cosas de diferente manera = see + things differently.

* ver las cosas de una manera diferente = see + things differently.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (modo, forma) way

yo lo hago a mi manera — I do it my way, I have my own way of doing it

¿qué manera de comer es ésa? — that's no way to eat your food

comimos de una manera...! — you should have seen the amount we ate!

qué manera de malgastar el dinero! — what a waste of money!

no saldrás a la calle vestida de esa manera ¿no? — you're not going out dressed like that, are you?

se puede ir vestido de cualquier manera — you can dress however you want

no lo pongas así de cualquier manera, dóblalo — don't just put it in any which way (AmE) o (BrE) any old how, fold it up

de alguna manera tendré que conseguirlo — I'll have to get it somehow (or other)

de una manera u otra habrá que terminarlo — it'll have to be finished one way or another

no hay/hubo manera — it is/it was impossible

b) (en locs)

a manera de — by way of

se levantó el sombrero a manera de saludo — he lifted his hat in greeting

de cualquier manera or de todas maneras — anyway

de manera que — ( así que) (+ indic) so; ( para que) (+ subj) so that, so

de ninguna manera: ¿me lo das? - de ninguna manera will you give it to me? - certainly not; de ninguna manera lo voy a permitir there's no way I'm going to allow it; no son de ninguna manera inferiores they are in no way inferior; sobre manera sobremanera; de mala manera: me contestó de muy mala manera she answered me very rudely; la trataba de mala manera he used to treat her badly; los precios han subido de mala manera (Esp) prices have shot up (colloq); lo malcrió de mala manera (Esp) she spoiled him terribly o (colloq) rotten; querer algo de mala manera — (Esp fam) to want something really badly

- manera de ser

2) maneras femenino plural ( modales) manners (pl)

* * *

= approach [approaches, -pl.], avenue, form, guise, means, way, manner, fashion.

Ex: During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.

Ex: In the attempt to match the above criteria, there are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.

Ex: It is under the chosen form of heading that the catalogue entry for a particular document is filed and hence located.

Ex: In various guises, the basic concepts have found application in the design of a number of special classification schemes.

Ex: The easiest means of illustrating some of the foregoing points is to introduce in outline some special classification schemes.

Ex: They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.

Ex: City planning is a body of techniques and theories for co-ordinative decision-making which tries to distribute the community's resources in a manner which will best achieve the community's specific goals, whatever they may be = El urbanismo es un conjunto de técnicas y teorías para la toma coordinada de decisiones que intenta distribuir los recursos de la comunidad de tal forma que se consigan mejor los objetivos específicos de ésta, sean cuales sean.

Ex: It was on the tip of his tongue to say: 'Must you speak to me in this uncivilized fashion?' But he discreetly forbore.

* a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.

* buscar la manera de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.

* conseguido de manera dudosa = ill-gotten.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* dejar que Alguien haga las cosas a su manera = let + Nombre + do things + Posesivo + (own) way.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mejor manera posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.

* de la misma manera = by the same token.

* de la misma manera (que) = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as).

* de la otra manera = the other way (a)round.

* de las dos maneras = in both ways.

* de la siguiente manera = in the following terms.

* de manera amena = pleasantly.

* de manera clara = distinctly, clearly.

* de manera confusa = hazily.

* de manera conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de manera constructiva = constructively.

* de manera decepcionante = disappointingly.

* de manera deprimente = sombrely [somberly, -USA].

* de manera despreocupada = casually.

* de manera desproporcionada = disproportionately.

* de manera divertida = funnily.

* de manera encantadora = winningly.

* de manera escandalosa = outrageously.

* de manera especial = in a certain way, in a special way.

* de manera esquemática = briefly.

* de manera estupenda = marvellously [marvelously, -USA].

* de manera extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de manera global = holistically.

* de manera graciosa = funnily.

* de manera grotesca = grotesquely.

* de manera humillante = abjectly.

* de manera inconsecuente = inconsistently.

* de manera informal = casually.

* de manera inquietante = eerily.

* de manera insinuante = suggestively.

* de manera intermitente = intermittently.

* de manera involuntaria = involuntarily.

* de manera lamentable = lamentably, miserably.

* de manera lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de manera maravillosa = marvellously [marvelously, -USA].

* de manera marginal = tangentially.

* de manera memorable = memorably.

* de manera misteriosa = eerily.

* de manera muy clara = in no uncertain terms.

* de manera muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de manera muy superficial = sketchily.

* de manera negativa = in a negative light.

* de manera obsesiva = neurotically.

* de manera óptima = optimally.

* de manera poco convincente = lamely.

* de manera poco ética = unethically.

* de manera poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de manera positiva = in a positive light.

* de manera precisa = precisely.

* de manera preocupante = disturbingly.

* de manera previsible = predictably.

* de manera protectora = protectively.

* de manera provocativa = suggestively.

* de manera que = in a form that.

* de manera rara = oddly, funnily.

* de manera realista = realistically.

* de manera semipermanente = on a semi-permanent basis.

* de manera significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de manera similar = in a similar way.

* de manera similar a = in a similar manner to.

* de manera sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de manera sorprendente = shockingly.

* de manera sutil = subtly.

* de manera tangencial = tangentially.

* de manera uniforme = evenly.

* de manera vaga = hazily.

* de mejor manera = best.

* de muchas maneras = in every way, in more ways than one.

* de ninguna manera = at all, in any sense of the word, not at all, under no/any circumstances, on no account, not on any account, in any way at all.

* !de ninguna manera! = Not on your life!, over + Posesivo + dead body.

* de nuevas maneras = in new ways.

* de tal manera que = so that.

* de todas maneras = at any rate.

* de una manera + Adjetivo = in + Adjetivo + fashion, in a + Adjetivo + manner, in + Adjetivo + manner, in a + Adjetivo + vein.

* de una manera eficaz = competently.

* de una manera extraña = strangely.

* de una manera genial = in a masterful way.

* de una manera lógica = logically.

* de una manera más sencilla = in digestible form.

* de una manera rara = strangely.

* de una manera satisfactoria = neatly.

* de una manera seductora = seductively.

* de una manera significativa = meaningfully.

* de una manera simple = in a simple manner.

* de una manera solemne = solemnly.

* de una manera tentad = seductively.

* de una manera tentadora = seductively.

* de una manera torpe = awkwardly, cumbrously.

* de una misma manera = in a similar fashion.

* de una nueva manera = in a new way.

* estudiar la manera de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.

* expresar de otra manera = rephrase.

* fracasar de manera lamentable = fail + miserably, fail + dismally.

* justo de la misma manera que = in just the same way as.

* la manera de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.

* la mejor manera = how best.

* la mejor manera de = the best way of.

* manera de actuar = line of attack.

* manera de pensar = way of thinking.

* manera de trabajar = work practice.

* manera de tratar = avenue of approach.

* manera de ver las cosas = line of thought.

* no haber manera de = there + be + no way.

* no hay manera de que = for the life of me.

* pero no hubo manera = but no dice.

* ponerlo de otra manera = put it + in a different way.

* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.

* por la manera = by the way.

* presentar de manera esquemática = give + overview.

* redactar de otra manera = reword.

* ser la manera de = be a recipe for.

* ser la mejor manera de = be the conduit for.

* una manera de empezar = a foot in the door.

* usar de manera general = be in general use.

* ver las cosas de diferente manera = see + things differently.

* ver las cosas de una manera diferente = see + things differently.

* * *

manera

feminine

A

1 (modo, forma) way

yo lo hago a mi manera I do it my way, I have my own way of doing it

¿qué manera de comer es ésa? that's no way to eat your food

¡comimos de una manera …! you should have seen the amount we ate!

¡qué manera de llover! it's absolutely pouring (with rain)

¡qué manera de malgastar el dinero! what a waste of money!

no saldrás a la calle vestida de esa manera ¿no? you're not going out dressed like that, are you?

se puede ir vestido de cualquier manera you can dress however you want, you can wear whatever you like

no lo pongas así, de cualquier manera, dóblalo don't just put it in any which way ( AmE) o ( BrE) any old how o way, fold it up

de esta manera iremos más cómodos we'll be more comfortable this way o like this

de alguna manera tendré que conseguir el dinero I'll have to get the money somehow (or other)

sus novelas son, de alguna manera, un reflejo de su propia juventud her novels are, to some extent o in some ways, a reflection of her own youth

de una manera u otra habrá que terminarlo it'll have to be finished one way or another

no hay/hubo manera it is/was impossible

2 ( en locs):

a manera de by way of

a manera de ejemplo by way of example

se levantó el sombrero a manera de saludo he lifted his hat in greeting

de cualquier manera or de todas maneras anyway

de cualquier manera or de todas maneras ya tenía que lavarlo I had to wash it anyway o in any case

de todas maneras prefiero que me llames por teléfono antes I'd rather you called me first anyway

de manera que (así que) (+ indic) so;

(para que) (+ subj) so that, so

¿de manera que te casas en julio? so you're getting married in July, are you?

dilo en voz alta, de manera que todos te oigan say it out loud, so (that) everyone can hear you

de ninguna manera: ¿me lo das? — de ninguna manera will you give it to me? — certainly not

de ninguna manera lo voy a permitir there's no way I'm going to allow it

no son de ninguna manera inferiores they are in no way inferior

sobre manera sobremanera:

de mala manera: me contestó de muy mala manera she answered me very rudely

la trataba de mala manera he used to treat her badly

los precios han subido de mala manera ( Esp); prices have shot up ( colloq), prices have risen exorbitantly

lo malcrió de mala manera ( Esp); she spoiled him terribly o ( colloq) rotten

querer algo de mala manera ( Esp fam); to want sth really badly, want sth in the worst way ( AmE colloq)

Compuesto:

manera de ser

su manera de ser the way she is

tiene una manera de ser que se lleva bien con todos she has a nice way about her, she gets on well with everyone ( colloq)

su manera de ser le acarrea muchos problemas his manner o the way he comes across causes him a lot of problems

B maneras fpl (modales) manners (pl)

* * *

manera sustantivo femenino
1 (modo, forma) way;
◊ yo lo hago a mi manera I do it my way;

a manera de by way of;
de todas maneras anyway;
su manera de ser the way she is;
se puede ir vestido de cualquier manera you can dress however you want;
no lo pongas así, de cualquier manera don't just put it in any which way (AmE) o (BrE) any old how;
de ninguna manera lo voy a permitir there's no way I'm going to allow it;
de alguna manera tendré que conseguirlo I'll have to get it somehow (or other);
no hay/hubo manera it is/it was impossible;
de manera que so;
de mala manera ‹ contestar› rudely;

‹ tratar› badly
2
◊ maneras sustantivo femenino plural ( modales) manners (pl)

manera
I sustantivo femenino
1 way, manner: hagámoslo a nuestra manera, let's do it our way
lo hace todo de cualquier manera, he does everything any old how
no hay manera de que me escuche, there is no way to make him listen to me
me disgusta su manera de ser, I don't like the way he behaves
II fpl maneras, manners: contestó con malas maneras, she answered rudely
♦ Locuciones: a manera de, as: se puso una cacerola a manera de casco, she used a cooking pot as a helmet
de cualquier manera/de todas maneras, anyway, at any rate, in any case
de manera que, so (that)
de ninguna manera, in no way, certainly not: no pienso disculparme de ninguna manera, there's no way that I'm going to apologise
de tal manera que, in such a way that
en cierta manera, in some sense: en cierta manera todos somos responsables de ella, to a certain degree we are all responsible for her
' manera' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- arrancar
- categórica
- categórico
- como
- como quiera
- comoquiera
- cortante
- despatarrarse
- despeluchar
- encantar
- enfocar
- escritura
- expiar
- igual
- inri
- letra
- mal
- ninguna
- ninguno
- peculiar
- perfectamente
- precisamente
- tal
- tener
- tuntún
- bien
- cómo
- en
- escándalo
- forma
- fórmula
- habla
- hacer
- ilegal
- inconsciente
- índole
- inesperado
- interesado
- medio
- modo
- norma
- ordinariez
- otro
- plantear
- seguir
- temperamento
- tirar
- torpe
- trato
English:
abrupt
- abusive
- accusingly
- angrily
- as
- brittle
- by
- certainly
- challenging
- conciliatory
- decidedly
- definitive
- differently
- distant
- dramatically
- effective
- elaborately
- fashion
- friendly
- gait
- impersonally
- impossibly
- in
- intimidate
- jabber
- jangle
- logical
- manner
- means
- mimic
- miserably
- mismanage
- naturally
- nice
- not
- oddly
- originally
- other
- otherwise
- persuasively
- pleasantly
- practically
- pretence
- pretense
- propose
- radiantly
- realistically
- reception
- remotely
- should

* * *

manera nf

1. [forma] way, manner;

manera de pensar way of thinking;

tiene una manera de ser muy agradable she has a very pleasant nature;

no me gusta su manera de ser I don't like the way he is;

no encuentro la manera de dejar el tabaco whatever I do, I just can't seem to give up smoking;

esa no es manera de decir las cosas that's no way to speak;

¿has visto la manera en que o [m5] la manera como te mira? have you seen how o the way he's looking at you?;

esta vez lo haremos a mi manera this time we'll do it my way;

a la manera de in the style of, after the fashion of;

a manera de [como] as, by way of;

a mi manera de ver the way I see it;

de alguna manera somehow;

se le cayó el botón porque lo cosió de cualquier manera the button fell off because he sewed it on carelessly o any old how;

hazlo de cualquier manera do it however you like;

no te preocupes, de cualquier manera no pensaba ir don't worry, I wasn't going to go anyway;

de esta/esa manera this/that way;

trata a su hijo de mala manera he treats his son badly;

lo dijo de mala manera she said it very rudely;
Esp Fam
estuvo lloviendo de mala manera it was pouring o Br bucketing down;
Esp Fam
se pusieron a beber de mala manera they started a serious drinking session;
Esp Fam
tu hermana se enrolla de mala manera your sister goes on a bit;

de la misma manera similarly, in the same way;

lo hice de la misma manera que ayer/tú I did it the same way as yesterday/you;

lo organizaron de manera que acabara antes de las diez they organized it so (that) it finished before ten;

¿de manera que no te gusta? so, you don't like it (then)?;

de ninguna manera o [m5] en manera alguna deberíamos dejarle salir under no circumstances should we let her out;

de ninguna manera o [m5] en manera alguna quise ofenderte I in no way intended to offend you;

¿te he molestado? – de ninguna manera o [m5] en manera alguna did I annoy you? – not at all o by no means;

¿quieres que lo invitemos? – ¡de ninguna manera! shall we invite him? – no way o certainly not!;

de otra manera… [si no] otherwise…;

de tal manera (que) [tanto] so much (that);

de todas maneras anyway;

de todas maneras, ¿qué es eso que decías de un viaje? anyway, what's that you were saying about going away?;

de una manera o de otra one way or another;

en cierta manera in a way;
Formal
la ópera me aburre en gran manera I find opera exceedingly tedious;

no hay manera there is no way, it's impossible;

no hay manera de que haga los deberes it's impossible to get him to do his homework;

¡contigo no hay manera! you're impossible!;

¡qué manera de hacer las cosas! that's no way to do things!;

¡qué manera de llover! just look at that rain!;
Formal
me place sobre manera que recurran a nuestros servicios I'm exceedingly pleased that you should have decided to use our services

2.
maneras [modales] manners;

buenas/malas maneras good/bad manners;

de muy buenas maneras nos dijo que saliéramos she very politely asked us to leave;

atiende a los clientes de malas maneras he's rude to the customers;

Comp
Esp
de aquella manera: lo hicieron de aquella manera they did it any old how;

¿crees en Dios? – de aquella manera do you believe in God? – well, sort of

* * *

manera

f way;

esa es su manera de ser that’s the way he is;

maneras pl manners;

lo hace a su manera he does it his way;

a manera de like;

un cuadro a la manera de los cubistas a Cubist-style picture;

no hay manera de it is impossible to;

de mala manera tratar badly; responder rudely;

de manera que so (that);

de ninguna manera certainly not;

en gran manera greatly;

sobre manera exceedingly;

de todas maneras anyway, in any case;

de alguna manera somehow;

de cualquier manera anyway, anyhow;

de la misma manera que in the same way that;

de otra manera if not;

de tal manera que in such a way that, so that

* * *

manera nf

1) modo: way, manner, fashion

2)

de cualquier manera or

de todas maneras : anyway, anyhow

3)

de manera que : so, in order that

4)

de ninguna manera : by no means, absolutely not

5)

manera de ser : personality, demeanor

* * *

manera n way

una manera de hablar muy poco corriente an unusual way of speaking

a mi manera my way

de manera + adjetivo in a... way

de manera extraña in a strange way / strangely

de manera que so that

de ninguna manera no way

de todas maneras anyway

manera de ser character

Spanish-English dictionary > manera
5 modo

m.

1 way (manera, forma).

¿has visto el modo en que o el modo como te mira? have you seen how o the way he's looking at you?

no encuentro el modo de dejar el tabaco whatever I do, I just can't seem to give up smoking

a modo de as, by way of

al modo de in the style of

de ese modo in that way

de ningún modo in no way

de todos modos in any case, anyway

de un modo u otro one way or another

en cierto modo in some ways

modo de empleo instructions for use

de modo que so (así que)

¿de modo que no te gusta? so, you don't like it (then)?

2 mood (grammar).

modo adverbial adverbial phrase

3 mode, brand, manner, way.

4 grammar mood, mood.

* * *

modo

► nombre masculino

1 way, manner

■ no me convence su modo de trabajar I'm not sure about the way he does his job

2 LINGÚÍSTICA mood

■ el modo subjuntivo the subjunctive mood

■ adverbios de modo adverbs of manner

► nombre masculino plural modos

1 manners

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a modo de as a, like a

■ lo utilizaron a modo de un jarrón they used it as a vase

de cualquier modo (como conector de frases) in any case, anyway 2 (despreocupadamente) any old how

de modo que so

■ de modo que ya lo sabes so now you know

de todos modos anyhow, at any rate

en cierto modo in a way

modo de empleo instructions plural

modo de ser character

■ es su modo de ser that's the way he is

* * *

noun m.

1) way, manner

2) mode

3) mood

•

- de cualquier modo
- de modo que
- de todos modos
* * *

SM

1) (=manera) way, manner frm

los han distribuido del siguiente modo — they have been distributed in the following way o frm manner

¿no hay otro modo de hacerlo? — isn't there another way of doing it?

no me gusta su modo de actuar — I don't like the way he does things

de un modo u otro — one way or another

a mi modo de pensar o ver — in my view, the way I see it

modo de empleo — instructions for use

modo de gobierno — form of government

modo de producción — mode of production

modo de vida — way of life
see MANERA, FORMA, MODO
2) [locuciones]

• a mi/tu modo — (in) my/your (own) way

cada uno lo interpreta a su modo — everyone interprets it in his or her own way

• a modo de — as

utilizó una bolsa a modo de maleta — she used a bag as a suitcase

a modo de ejemplo/respuesta — by way of example/reply

• en cierto modo — in a way, to a certain extent

• de cualquier modo — [antes de verbo] anyway, in any case; (=después de verbo) anyhow

de cualquier modo, ahora tenemos que irnos — we have to go now anyway o in any case

hazlo de cualquier modo — do it anyway you like, do it anyhow, do it any old how *

• de modo + adj —

tenemos que actuar de modo coherente — we must act consistently

eso nos afectará de modo directo — this will have a direct effect on us, this will affect us directly

el accidente influyó de modo negativo en el niño — the accident had a negative effect on the child

• de ese modo — [antes de verbo] (in) this way; [después de verbo] like that

de ese modo no habrá problemas — this way there won't be any problems

no hables de ese modo — don't talk like that

• grosso modo — broadly speaking

esa fue, grosso modo, la contestación que nos dio — broadly speaking, that was the answer he gave us

• de mal modo — rudely

me lo pidió de muy mal modo — he asked me for it very rudely

• del mismo o de igual modo — in the same way

todos van vestidos del mismo o de igual modo — they are all dressed the same o in the same way

del mismo modo sucedió con los agricultores — the same thing happened with the farmers

del mismo modo que — in the same way as o that, just as

• de ningún modo o en modo alguno, no quiero de ningún modo o en modo alguno implicarla en esto — I don't want to involve her in this in any way

no puedo permitir eso de ningún modo — there's no way I can allow that

no se parece de ningún modo a lo que habíamos imaginado — it's nothing like we had imagined

¡de ningún modo! — certainly not!, no way! *

• de todos modos — anyway, all the same, in any case

aunque no me dejes, me iré de todos modos — even if you don't let me, I'll go anyway o all the same o in any case

aunque lo esperaba, de todos modos me sorprendió — even though I was expecting it, I was still surprised

3)

• de modo que — [antes de verbo] so; [después de verbo] so that

¡de modo que eras tú el que llamaba! — so it was you that was calling!

apílalos de modo que no se caigan — stack them up so (that) they won't fall over

4) Esp frm (=moderación) moderation

bebe con modo — drink in moderation

5) LAm

¡ni modo! — (=de ninguna manera) no way *, not a chance *; (=no hay otra alternativa) what else can I/you etc do?

ni modo que lo va a hacer — no way she's going to do it

si no me quieres, ni modo — if you don't love me, what else can I do?

6) pl modos (=modales) manners

• buenos modos — good manners

con buenos modos — politely

• malos modos — bad manners

me contestó con muy malos modos — he answered me very rudely

7) (Ling) [del verbo] mood

de modo — manner antes de s

adverbio de modo — manner adverb

modo adverbial — adverbial phrase

modo conjuntivo — conjunctional phrase

modo imperativo — imperative mood

modo indicativo — indicative mood

modo subjuntivo — subjunctive mood

8) (Inform) mode

9) (Mús) mode

modo mayor/menor — major/minor mode

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (manera, forma) way, manner (frml)

no lo digas de ese modo — don't say it like that

del siguiente modo — in the following manner

a mi modo de ver — to my way of thinking, in my opinion

modo de empleo — instructions for use, directions

me lo pidió de muy mal modo — (AmL) she asked me (for it) very rudely

b) (en locs)

a mi/tu/su modo — (in) my/your/his (own) way

a modo de: se puso una manta a modo de poncho he put a blanket round his shoulders like a poncho; a modo de introducción by way of introduction; de cualquier modo ( de todas formas) (indep) in any case, anyway; ( sin cuidado) anyhow; del mismo or de igual modo que just as, in the same way (that); de modo que ( así que) so; ( para que) (+ subj) so that; ¿de modo que se van? so they're going, are they?; de modo que se vean desde aquí so that they can be seen from here; de ningún modo no way; de ningún modo puedo aceptar there's no way I can accept; de todos modos anyway, anyhow; en cierto modo in a way; ni modo (AmL exc CS fam): ¿pudieron entrar? - no, ni modo did they get in? - no, no way (colloq); traté de persuadirlo pero ni modo I tried to persuade him but it was no good; ni modo, yo soy como soy that's tough o too bad, I am the way I am (colloq); ni modo que te quedes aquí — there's no way you're staying here (colloq)

2) modos masculino plural ( modales) manners (pl)

con buenos/malos modos — politely/rudely o impolitely

3) (Ling) mood

4) (Mús) mode

* * *

= approach [approaches, -pl.], avenue, guise, means, mode, way, manner, fashion.

Ex. During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.

Ex. In the attempt to match the above criteria, there are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.

Ex. In various guises, the basic concepts have found application in the design of a number of special classification schemes.

Ex. The easiest means of illustrating some of the foregoing points is to introduce in outline some special classification schemes.

Ex. Various modes of operation are possible for such a journal, and the precise operation will depend upon the type of information being conveyed.

Ex. They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.

Ex. City planning is a body of techniques and theories for co-ordinative decision-making which tries to distribute the community's resources in a manner which will best achieve the community's specific goals, whatever they may be = El urbanismo es un conjunto de técnicas y teorías para la toma coordinada de decisiones que intenta distribuir los recursos de la comunidad de tal forma que se consigan mejor los objetivos específicos de ésta, sean cuales sean.

Ex. It was on the tip of his tongue to say: 'Must you speak to me in this uncivilized fashion?' But he discreetly forbore.

----

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* actuar de un modo despiadado = play + hardball.

* actuar de un modo diferente = strike out on + a different path.

* actuar de un modo implacable = play + hardball.

* actuar de un modo independiente = go it alone.

* actuar de un modo intransigente = play + hardball.

* adverbio de modo = adverb of mode.

* a groso modo = crudely.

* a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.

* al actuar de este modo = by so doing, in so doing, by doing so.

* al modo de = a la.

* a mi modo de ver = in my books.

* a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.

* a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.

* a modo de advertencia = cautionary.

* a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.

* a modo de explicación = parenthetically.

* a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.

* a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.

* a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.

* a modo de prólogo = prefatory.

* a modo de resumen = wrap-up.

* analizar de un modo imparcial = take + a cool look at.

* andar de un modo pausado = stroll + at a leisurely pace.

* artículo a modo de réplica = rebuttal article.

* así como... de igual modo... = just as... so....

* avecinarse de un modo amenazador = loom + large on the horizon.

* buscar el modo de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.

* como un modo de = as a way of.

* conocer de algún modo = know + on some grounds.

* crecer de modo exhuberante = grow + rampant.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* decir Algo de un modo colérico = flame out.

* decir de un modo enfadado = spit out.

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de este modo = by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* definir de un modo predeterminado e inamovible = hardwire [hard wire].

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* del mejor modo posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.

* del mismo modo = exactly, in the same vein, by the same token.

* del mismo modo que = as, in the form that, in the same way (as), in the same way that, just as, in the same manner (as), along the lines, after the fashion of, similar to, in common with.

* del otro modo = the other way (a)round.

* de modo + Adjetivo = on a + Adjetivo + basis.

* de modo agresivo = aggressively.

* de modo alarmante = alarmingly.

* de modo alternativo = alternatively.

* de modo altivo = superciliously, haughtily.

* de modo apreciable = to an appreciable extent.

* de modo caprichoso = capriciously.

* de modo censurable = reprehensibly.

* de modo claro = transparently.

* de modo comercial = on a commercial basis.

* de modo competitivo = competitively.

* de modo complementario = complimentarily.

* de modo conjunto con = in partnership with.

* de modo considerable = to a considerable extent.

* de modo convincente = cogently, unconvincingly.

* de modo decisivo = decisively.

* de modo desastroso = disastrously.

* de modo desconcertante = bewilderingly.

* de modo divertido = funnily.

* de modo egoísta = selfishly.

* de modo errático = erratically.

* de modo especulativo = speculatively.

* de modo estructurado = in a structured fashion.

* de modo fácil = with the tip of a hat.

* de modo gracioso = funnily.

* de modo gratuito = on a complimentary basis.

* de modo heurístico = heuristically.

* de modo humorístico = in a humorous vein.

* de modo imaginativo = imaginatively.

* de modo inconfundible = unmistakably.

* de modo individual = on a case-by-case basis.

* de modo inequívoco = unambiguously.

* de modo inesperado = like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de modo informal = informally.

* de modo ininterrumpido = in an unbroken line.

* de modo insinuante = suggestively.

* de modo irregular = erratically.

* de modo irritante = annoyingly.

* de modo pesimista = gloomily.

* de modo poco imaginativo = unimaginatively.

* de modo provocativo = suggestively.

* de modo que = so.

* de modo que + poder + oír = within earshot of.

* de modo raro = funnily.

* de modo recíproco = reciprocally.

* de modo reprobatorio = reprovingly, reproachfully.

* de modos diversos = variously.

* de modos extraños = funnily.

* de modo sorprendente = shockingly.

* de modo tal que = so much so that.

* demostrar de un modo contundente = demonstrate + beyond (all) doubt, prove + beyond all doubt.

* de ningún modo = by no means, in no way, on no account, in no sense, by any means, not at all, under no/any circumstances, in any shape or form, for the life of me, not on any account, by no stretch of the imagination.

* de nuevos modos = in new ways.

* de otro modo = conversely.

* de qué modo = by what means.

* de tal modo que = in such a way that, so.

* de tal modo que raya en lo ridículo = ridiculously.

* de tal modo que + Subjuntivo = in such a way as to + Infinitivo.

* de todos modos = at any rate.

* de un mod discreto = unobtrusively.

* de un modo = in a fashion.

* de un modo absorto = absently.

* de un modo aburrido y pesado = tediously.

* de un modo acalorado = hotly.

* de un modo adecuado = appropriately, fitly.

* de un modo + Adjetivo = in + Adjetivo + fashion, in + Adjetivo + measure, in a + Adjetivo + manner, in + Adjetivo + manner, on a + Adjetivo + scale, to a + Adjetivo + degree, in a + Adjetivo + vein.

* de un modo afirmativo = affirmatively.

* de un modo ahorrativo = thriftily.

* de un modo aleatorio = at random.

* de un modo anafórico = anaphorically.

* de un modo anárquico = anarchically.

* de un modo anodino = prosaically.

* de un modo antieconómico = wastefully.

* de un modo apropiado = fitly, appropriately.

* de un modo aprovechado = opportunistically.

* de un modo atractivo = appealingly.

* de un modo auténtico = authentically.

* de un modo barato = inexpensively, thriftily.

* de un modo bochornoso = shamefully.

* de un modo cansado = wearily.

* de un modo caro = expensively + Participio.

* de un modo casual = in a by-the-way fashion.

* de un modo chirriante = jarringly.

* de un modo chocante = jarringly.

* de un modo compacto = compactly.

* de un modo concluyente = positively.

* de un modo conservador = conservatively.

* de un modo constante = on an ongoing basis.

* de un modo constructivo = constructively.

* de un modo convincente = convincingly, forcibly.

* de un modo coordinado = synergistically.

* de un modo crítico = critically.

* de un modo decepcionante = disappointedly.

* de un modo desconcertado = disconcertedly.

* de un modo descontrolado = uncontrollably.

* de un modo desenfadado = playfully.

* de un modo deshonesto = dishonestly.

* de un modo desordenado = higgledy-piggledy.

* de un modo devastador = devastatingly.

* de un modo diferente = differentially.

* de un modo discreto = quietly.

* de un modo disonante = jarringly.

* de un modo económico = economically, thriftily.

* de un modo elegante = elegantly.

* de un modo encantador = charmingly.

* de un modo engorroso = awkwardly, cumbrously.

* de un modo equivalente = equivalently.

* de un modo espectacular = spectacularly.

* de un modo estrafalario = freakishly.

* de un modo exhaustivo = comprehensively, in depth, exhaustively.

* de un modo extraño = freakishly.

* de un modo fiable = reliably.

* de un modo flexible = flexibly.

* de un modo fortuito = haphazardly.

* de un modo fraudulento = fraudulently.

* de un modo gradual = incrementally.

* de un modo habitual = as a matter of routine.

* de un modo heterogéneo = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de un modo holístico = holistically.

* de un modo imparcial = impartially.

* de un modo impreciso = fuzzily.

* de un modo impresionante = impressively.

* de un modo impulsivo = impulsively.

* de un modo incidental = incidentally.

* de un modo incómodo = awkwardly, cumbrously.

* de un modo incompetente = inefficiently.

* de un modo incompleto = incompletely.

* de un modo inconsistente = vagrantly.

* de un modo incorrecto = inaccurately.

* de un modo indiferente = regardless.

* de un modo inductivo = inductively.

* de un modo innovador = innovatively.

* de un modo insolente = defiantly.

* de un modo insulso = prosaically.

* de un modo inteligente = intelligently.

* de un modo interesante = interestingly.

* de un modo intermitente = in bursts.

* de un modo lógico = logically.

* de un modo malsonante = jarringly.

* de un modo matemático = mathematically.

* de un modo mecánico = mechanically.

* de un modo meditabundo = pensively.

* de un modo molesto = annoyingly.

* de un modo moralista = sanctimoniously.

* de un modo muy general = crudely.

* de un modo muy interesante = most interestingly + Verbo.

* de un modo nervioso = nervously.

* de un modo nítido = cleanly.

* de un modo o de otro = either way.

* de un modo oportunista = opportunistically.

* de un modo opresivo = oppressively.

* de un modo óptico = optically.

* de un modo optimista = optimistically.

* de un modo pasivo = passively.

* de un modo penetrante = piercingly.

* de un modo pensativo = pensively.

* de un modo poco constructivo = unconstructively.

* de un modo poco económico = wastefully.

* de un modo poco natural = unnaturally.

* de un modo positivo = positively, constructively.

* de un modo práctico = practically.

* de un modo provocador = defiantly.

* de un modo provocativo = defiantly.

* de un modo que causa confusión = confusingly.

* de un modo racional = rationally.

* de un modo rápido = rapidly, overnight, at short notice.

* de un modo rapsódico = rhapsodically.

* de un modo raro = freakishly.

* de un modo regional = regionally.

* de un modo regular = on a regular basis, on an ongoing basis, on a continuing basis.

* de un modo relacionado = connectibly.

* de un modo remunerado = gainfully.

* de un modo retribuido = gainfully.

* de un modo secuencial = step by step.

* de un modo seguro = securely.

* de un modo similar = in a similar vein.

* de un modo simplista = simplistically.

* de un modo sistemático = systematically.

* de un modo susceptible = sensitively.

* de un modo tautológico = tautologically.

* de un modo temporal = on a temporary basis.

* de un modo tosco = crudely.

* de un modo trágico = tragically.

* de un modo tranquilizador = soothingly, reassuringly.

* de un modo transparente = seamlessly.

* de un modo u otro = somehow, some way.

* de un modo vergonzoso = shamefully.

* de un modo voluntario = voluntarily.

* de un nuevo modo = in a new way.

* dicho de otro modo = in other words, said differently.

* distribuir de un modo escalonado = lay out in + stages.

* distribuir de un modo planificado = zone.

* el mejor modo de = the best way of.

* el modo como = the way in which.

* el modo de = the way in which.

* el modo de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.

* en cierto modo = to some extent, after a fashion, to a certain extent, in a manner of speaking, so to speak, to some degree.

* en cierto modo + Verbo = sort of + Verbo.

* encontrar el modo de = find + way of/to.

* encontrar el modo de paliar un problema = find + way (a)round + problem.

* encontrar el modo de regresar = find + Posesivo + way back.

* encontrar su propio modo de actuar = find + Posesivo + own way.

* en metálico y de otro modo = in cash and in kind.

* en modo alguno = by no means.

* estimar a grosso modo = guesstimate.

* estudiar el modo de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.

* examinar el modo de = examine + way.

* extenderse a modo de abanico = fan out.

* flujo de datos de un modo intermitente = bursty traffic.

* frase a modo de título = title-like phrase.

* funcionar de un modo autónomo = operate under + an autonomous hand.

* hablar del mismo modo = talk + alike.

* hacer esto y aquello de un modo relajado = mess about, pootle, piddle around.

* indizar de modo KWIC = KWIC.

* información a modo de ejemplo = sample data.

* ingeniarse el modo de = dream up + ways to.

* modo de actuar = arrangement, course of action, practice, rationale.

* modo de ahorro de energía = power save mode.

* modo de andar = gait.

* modo de aprendizaje = learning style.

* modo de comportamiento = mode of behaviour, way of conduct.

* modo de comunicación = communication pathway.

* modo de conducta = mode of conduct, way of conduct.

* modo de conseguir Algo = lever.

* modo de expresión = way of expression, mode of expression.

* modo de hacer preguntas = questioning behaviour.

* modo de introducción de datos = input mode.

* modo de pensar = thinking, way of thinking, mindset [mind-set], mode of thought, mode of thinking.

* modo de presentación visual = display device.

* modo de resaltar = spotlight.

* modo de vida = way of life.

* modo de vida tradicional = folklife.

* modo no interactivo = non-interactive mode.

* no haber modo de = there + be + no means of.

* no hay modo de que = for the life of me.

* o de algún otro modo = or otherwise.

* pensar del mismo modo = think + alike.

* pensar de un modo diferente = think out(side) + (of) the box.

* pero no hubo modo = but no dice.

* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.

* por el modo = by the way.

* preparar de un modo rápido = throw together.

* recordar de un modo rápido = sweep back to.

* saber de algún modo = know + on some grounds.

* ser en cierto modo un + Nombre = be something of a + Nombre.

* surgir de un modo confuso = grow + like Topsy.

* tratar de igual modo = treat as + equal.

* usando el tiempo de un modo eficaz = time efficient [time-efficient].

* usar de un modo descuidado = bandy (about/around).

* usar de un modo despreocupado = bandy (about/around).

* uso de un modo descuidado = bandying about.

* ver las cosas de diferente modo = see + things differently.

* ver las cosas de un modo diferente = see + things differently.

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (manera, forma) way, manner (frml)

no lo digas de ese modo — don't say it like that

del siguiente modo — in the following manner

a mi modo de ver — to my way of thinking, in my opinion

modo de empleo — instructions for use, directions

me lo pidió de muy mal modo — (AmL) she asked me (for it) very rudely

b) (en locs)

a mi/tu/su modo — (in) my/your/his (own) way

a modo de: se puso una manta a modo de poncho he put a blanket round his shoulders like a poncho; a modo de introducción by way of introduction; de cualquier modo ( de todas formas) (indep) in any case, anyway; ( sin cuidado) anyhow; del mismo or de igual modo que just as, in the same way (that); de modo que ( así que) so; ( para que) (+ subj) so that; ¿de modo que se van? so they're going, are they?; de modo que se vean desde aquí so that they can be seen from here; de ningún modo no way; de ningún modo puedo aceptar there's no way I can accept; de todos modos anyway, anyhow; en cierto modo in a way; ni modo (AmL exc CS fam): ¿pudieron entrar? - no, ni modo did they get in? - no, no way (colloq); traté de persuadirlo pero ni modo I tried to persuade him but it was no good; ni modo, yo soy como soy that's tough o too bad, I am the way I am (colloq); ni modo que te quedes aquí — there's no way you're staying here (colloq)

2) modos masculino plural ( modales) manners (pl)

con buenos/malos modos — politely/rudely o impolitely

3) (Ling) mood

4) (Mús) mode

* * *

= approach [approaches, -pl.], avenue, guise, means, mode, way, manner, fashion.

Ex: During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.

Ex: In the attempt to match the above criteria, there are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.

Ex: In various guises, the basic concepts have found application in the design of a number of special classification schemes.

Ex: The easiest means of illustrating some of the foregoing points is to introduce in outline some special classification schemes.

Ex: Various modes of operation are possible for such a journal, and the precise operation will depend upon the type of information being conveyed.

Ex: They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.

Ex: City planning is a body of techniques and theories for co-ordinative decision-making which tries to distribute the community's resources in a manner which will best achieve the community's specific goals, whatever they may be = El urbanismo es un conjunto de técnicas y teorías para la toma coordinada de decisiones que intenta distribuir los recursos de la comunidad de tal forma que se consigan mejor los objetivos específicos de ésta, sean cuales sean.

Ex: It was on the tip of his tongue to say: 'Must you speak to me in this uncivilized fashion?' But he discreetly forbore.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* actuar de un modo despiadado = play + hardball.

* actuar de un modo diferente = strike out on + a different path.

* actuar de un modo implacable = play + hardball.

* actuar de un modo independiente = go it alone.

* actuar de un modo intransigente = play + hardball.

* adverbio de modo = adverb of mode.

* a groso modo = crudely.

* a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.

* al actuar de este modo = by so doing, in so doing, by doing so.

* al modo de = a la.

* a mi modo de ver = in my books.

* a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.

* a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.

* a modo de advertencia = cautionary.

* a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.

* a modo de explicación = parenthetically.

* a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.

* a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.

* a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.

* a modo de prólogo = prefatory.

* a modo de resumen = wrap-up.

* analizar de un modo imparcial = take + a cool look at.

* andar de un modo pausado = stroll + at a leisurely pace.

* artículo a modo de réplica = rebuttal article.

* así como... de igual modo... = just as... so....

* avecinarse de un modo amenazador = loom + large on the horizon.

* buscar el modo de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.

* como un modo de = as a way of.

* conocer de algún modo = know + on some grounds.

* crecer de modo exhuberante = grow + rampant.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* decir Algo de un modo colérico = flame out.

* decir de un modo enfadado = spit out.

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de este modo = by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* definir de un modo predeterminado e inamovible = hardwire [hard wire].

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* del mejor modo posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.

* del mismo modo = exactly, in the same vein, by the same token.

* del mismo modo que = as, in the form that, in the same way (as), in the same way that, just as, in the same manner (as), along the lines, after the fashion of, similar to, in common with.

* del otro modo = the other way (a)round.

* de modo + Adjetivo = on a + Adjetivo + basis.

* de modo agresivo = aggressively.

* de modo alarmante = alarmingly.

* de modo alternativo = alternatively.

* de modo altivo = superciliously, haughtily.

* de modo apreciable = to an appreciable extent.

* de modo caprichoso = capriciously.

* de modo censurable = reprehensibly.

* de modo claro = transparently.

* de modo comercial = on a commercial basis.

* de modo competitivo = competitively.

* de modo complementario = complimentarily.

* de modo conjunto con = in partnership with.

* de modo considerable = to a considerable extent.

* de modo convincente = cogently, unconvincingly.

* de modo decisivo = decisively.

* de modo desastroso = disastrously.

* de modo desconcertante = bewilderingly.

* de modo divertido = funnily.

* de modo egoísta = selfishly.

* de modo errático = erratically.

* de modo especulativo = speculatively.

* de modo estructurado = in a structured fashion.

* de modo fácil = with the tip of a hat.

* de modo gracioso = funnily.

* de modo gratuito = on a complimentary basis.

* de modo heurístico = heuristically.

* de modo humorístico = in a humorous vein.

* de modo imaginativo = imaginatively.

* de modo inconfundible = unmistakably.

* de modo individual = on a case-by-case basis.

* de modo inequívoco = unambiguously.

* de modo inesperado = like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de modo informal = informally.

* de modo ininterrumpido = in an unbroken line.

* de modo insinuante = suggestively.

* de modo irregular = erratically.

* de modo irritante = annoyingly.

* de modo pesimista = gloomily.

* de modo poco imaginativo = unimaginatively.

* de modo provocativo = suggestively.

* de modo que = so.

* de modo que + poder + oír = within earshot of.

* de modo raro = funnily.

* de modo recíproco = reciprocally.

* de modo reprobatorio = reprovingly, reproachfully.

* de modos diversos = variously.

* de modos extraños = funnily.

* de modo sorprendente = shockingly.

* de modo tal que = so much so that.

* demostrar de un modo contundente = demonstrate + beyond (all) doubt, prove + beyond all doubt.

* de ningún modo = by no means, in no way, on no account, in no sense, by any means, not at all, under no/any circumstances, in any shape or form, for the life of me, not on any account, by no stretch of the imagination.

* de nuevos modos = in new ways.

* de otro modo = conversely.

* de qué modo = by what means.

* de tal modo que = in such a way that, so.

* de tal modo que raya en lo ridículo = ridiculously.

* de tal modo que + Subjuntivo = in such a way as to + Infinitivo.

* de todos modos = at any rate.

* de un mod discreto = unobtrusively.

* de un modo = in a fashion.

* de un modo absorto = absently.

* de un modo aburrido y pesado = tediously.

* de un modo acalorado = hotly.

* de un modo adecuado = appropriately, fitly.

* de un modo + Adjetivo = in + Adjetivo + fashion, in + Adjetivo + measure, in a + Adjetivo + manner, in + Adjetivo + manner, on a + Adjetivo + scale, to a + Adjetivo + degree, in a + Adjetivo + vein.

* de un modo afirmativo = affirmatively.

* de un modo ahorrativo = thriftily.

* de un modo aleatorio = at random.

* de un modo anafórico = anaphorically.

* de un modo anárquico = anarchically.

* de un modo anodino = prosaically.

* de un modo antieconómico = wastefully.

* de un modo apropiado = fitly, appropriately.

* de un modo aprovechado = opportunistically.

* de un modo atractivo = appealingly.

* de un modo auténtico = authentically.

* de un modo barato = inexpensively, thriftily.

* de un modo bochornoso = shamefully.

* de un modo cansado = wearily.

* de un modo caro = expensively + Participio.

* de un modo casual = in a by-the-way fashion.

* de un modo chirriante = jarringly.

* de un modo chocante = jarringly.

* de un modo compacto = compactly.

* de un modo concluyente = positively.

* de un modo conservador = conservatively.

* de un modo constante = on an ongoing basis.

* de un modo constructivo = constructively.

* de un modo convincente = convincingly, forcibly.

* de un modo coordinado = synergistically.

* de un modo crítico = critically.

* de un modo decepcionante = disappointedly.

* de un modo desconcertado = disconcertedly.

* de un modo descontrolado = uncontrollably.

* de un modo desenfadado = playfully.

* de un modo deshonesto = dishonestly.

* de un modo desordenado = higgledy-piggledy.

* de un modo devastador = devastatingly.

* de un modo diferente = differentially.

* de un modo discreto = quietly.

* de un modo disonante = jarringly.

* de un modo económico = economically, thriftily.

* de un modo elegante = elegantly.

* de un modo encantador = charmingly.

* de un modo engorroso = awkwardly, cumbrously.

* de un modo equivalente = equivalently.

* de un modo espectacular = spectacularly.

* de un modo estrafalario = freakishly.

* de un modo exhaustivo = comprehensively, in depth, exhaustively.

* de un modo extraño = freakishly.

* de un modo fiable = reliably.

* de un modo flexible = flexibly.

* de un modo fortuito = haphazardly.

* de un modo fraudulento = fraudulently.

* de un modo gradual = incrementally.

* de un modo habitual = as a matter of routine.

* de un modo heterogéneo = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de un modo holístico = holistically.

* de un modo imparcial = impartially.

* de un modo impreciso = fuzzily.

* de un modo impresionante = impressively.

* de un modo impulsivo = impulsively.

* de un modo incidental = incidentally.

* de un modo incómodo = awkwardly, cumbrously.

* de un modo incompetente = inefficiently.

* de un modo incompleto = incompletely.

* de un modo inconsistente = vagrantly.

* de un modo incorrecto = inaccurately.

* de un modo indiferente = regardless.

* de un modo inductivo = inductively.

* de un modo innovador = innovatively.

* de un modo insolente = defiantly.

* de un modo insulso = prosaically.

* de un modo inteligente = intelligently.

* de un modo interesante = interestingly.

* de un modo intermitente = in bursts.

* de un modo lógico = logically.

* de un modo malsonante = jarringly.

* de un modo matemático = mathematically.

* de un modo mecánico = mechanically.

* de un modo meditabundo = pensively.

* de un modo molesto = annoyingly.

* de un modo moralista = sanctimoniously.

* de un modo muy general = crudely.

* de un modo muy interesante = most interestingly + Verbo.

* de un modo nervioso = nervously.

* de un modo nítido = cleanly.

* de un modo o de otro = either way.

* de un modo oportunista = opportunistically.

* de un modo opresivo = oppressively.

* de un modo óptico = optically.

* de un modo optimista = optimistically.

* de un modo pasivo = passively.

* de un modo penetrante = piercingly.

* de un modo pensativo = pensively.

* de un modo poco constructivo = unconstructively.

* de un modo poco económico = wastefully.

* de un modo poco natural = unnaturally.

* de un modo positivo = positively, constructively.

* de un modo práctico = practically.

* de un modo provocador = defiantly.

* de un modo provocativo = defiantly.

* de un modo que causa confusión = confusingly.

* de un modo racional = rationally.

* de un modo rápido = rapidly, overnight, at short notice.

* de un modo rapsódico = rhapsodically.

* de un modo raro = freakishly.

* de un modo regional = regionally.

* de un modo regular = on a regular basis, on an ongoing basis, on a continuing basis.

* de un modo relacionado = connectibly.

* de un modo remunerado = gainfully.

* de un modo retribuido = gainfully.

* de un modo secuencial = step by step.

* de un modo seguro = securely.

* de un modo similar = in a similar vein.

* de un modo simplista = simplistically.

* de un modo sistemático = systematically.

* de un modo susceptible = sensitively.

* de un modo tautológico = tautologically.

* de un modo temporal = on a temporary basis.

* de un modo tosco = crudely.

* de un modo trágico = tragically.

* de un modo tranquilizador = soothingly, reassuringly.

* de un modo transparente = seamlessly.

* de un modo u otro = somehow, some way.

* de un modo vergonzoso = shamefully.

* de un modo voluntario = voluntarily.

* de un nuevo modo = in a new way.

* dicho de otro modo = in other words, said differently.

* distribuir de un modo escalonado = lay out in + stages.

* distribuir de un modo planificado = zone.

* el mejor modo de = the best way of.

* el modo como = the way in which.

* el modo de = the way in which.

* el modo de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.

* en cierto modo = to some extent, after a fashion, to a certain extent, in a manner of speaking, so to speak, to some degree.

* en cierto modo + Verbo = sort of + Verbo.

* encontrar el modo de = find + way of/to.

* encontrar el modo de paliar un problema = find + way (a)round + problem.

* encontrar el modo de regresar = find + Posesivo + way back.

* encontrar su propio modo de actuar = find + Posesivo + own way.

* en metálico y de otro modo = in cash and in kind.

* en modo alguno = by no means.

* estimar a grosso modo = guesstimate.

* estudiar el modo de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.

* examinar el modo de = examine + way.

* extenderse a modo de abanico = fan out.

* flujo de datos de un modo intermitente = bursty traffic.

* frase a modo de título = title-like phrase.

* funcionar de un modo autónomo = operate under + an autonomous hand.

* hablar del mismo modo = talk + alike.

* hacer esto y aquello de un modo relajado = mess about, pootle, piddle around.

* indizar de modo KWIC = KWIC.

* información a modo de ejemplo = sample data.

* ingeniarse el modo de = dream up + ways to.

* modo de actuar = arrangement, course of action, practice, rationale.

* modo de ahorro de energía = power save mode.

* modo de andar = gait.

* modo de aprendizaje = learning style.

* modo de comportamiento = mode of behaviour, way of conduct.

* modo de comunicación = communication pathway.

* modo de conducta = mode of conduct, way of conduct.

* modo de conseguir Algo = lever.

* modo de expresión = way of expression, mode of expression.

* modo de hacer preguntas = questioning behaviour.

* modo de introducción de datos = input mode.

* modo de pensar = thinking, way of thinking, mindset [mind-set], mode of thought, mode of thinking.

* modo de presentación visual = display device.

* modo de resaltar = spotlight.

* modo de vida = way of life.

* modo de vida tradicional = folklife.

* modo no interactivo = non-interactive mode.

* no haber modo de = there + be + no means of.

* no hay modo de que = for the life of me.

* o de algún otro modo = or otherwise.

* pensar del mismo modo = think + alike.

* pensar de un modo diferente = think out(side) + (of) the box.

* pero no hubo modo = but no dice.

* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.

* por el modo = by the way.

* preparar de un modo rápido = throw together.

* recordar de un modo rápido = sweep back to.

* saber de algún modo = know + on some grounds.

* ser en cierto modo un + Nombre = be something of a + Nombre.

* surgir de un modo confuso = grow + like Topsy.

* tratar de igual modo = treat as + equal.

* usando el tiempo de un modo eficaz = time efficient [time-efficient].

* usar de un modo descuidado = bandy (about/around).

* usar de un modo despreocupado = bandy (about/around).

* uso de un modo descuidado = bandying about.

* ver las cosas de diferente modo = see + things differently.

* ver las cosas de un modo diferente = see + things differently.

* * *

modo

masculine

A

1 (manera, forma) way, manner ( frml)

éste no es modo de hacer las cosas this is no way of going about things

no lo digas de ese modo don't say it like that

hay que hacerlo del siguiente modo it has to be done in the following manner

a mi modo de ver to my way of thinking, in my opinion

¿qué modo de hablarle a tu abuela es ése? that's no way to speak to your grandmother

[ S ] modo de empleo instructions for use, directions

me lo pidió de muy mal modo ( AmL); she asked me (for it) very rudely o in a very rude way

2 ( en locs):

a mi/tu/su modo (in) my/your/his (own) way

hazlo a tu modo do it (in) your (own) way

le gusta hacer las cosas a su modo he likes to do things his (own) way

a modo de: se puso una manta a modo de poncho he put a blanket round his shoulders like a poncho

a modo de introducción by way of introduction

de cualquier modo (de todas formas) ( indep) in any case, anyway; (sin cuidado) anyhow, any which way ( AmE colloq), any old how ( BrE colloq)

del mismo or de igual modo que just as, in the same way (that)

de modo que (así que) (+ indic) so;

(para que) (+ subj) so that

lo hiciste porque quisiste, de modo que ahora no te quejes you did it because you wanted to, so don't complain now

¿de modo que se van? so they're going, are they?

colócalos de modo que se vean desde aquí arrange them so that they can be seen from here

de ningún modo no way

yo no puedo aceptarlo, de ningún modo there is no way I can accept it

de todos modos anyway, anyhow

no creo que lo pueda lograr, de todos modos volveré a intentarlo I don't think I can do it, but I'll have another try anyway o anyhow

en cierto modo in a way

ni modo ( AmL exc CS fam): ¿pudieron entrar? — no, ni modo, las entradas se habían acabado did they get in? — no, no way o not a chance, it was sold out ( colloq)

traté de persuadirlo para que fuera pero ni modo I tried to persuade him to go but it was no good

ni modo, yo soy como soy that's tough o too bad, I am the way I am ( colloq)

ni modo que ( AmL exc CS): tienes que regresar a tu casa, ni modo que te quedes aquí you have to go home, there's no way you're staying here ( colloq)

B modos mpl (modales) manners (pl)

con buenos/malos modos politely/rudely o impolitely

C ( Ling) mood

el modo indicativo/subjuntivo the indicative/subjunctive mood

D ( Mús) mode

Compuesto:

modo mayor/menor

major/minor mode

E ( Inf) mode

Compuesto:

modo de reposo

sleep mode

* * *

modo sustantivo masculino
1
a) (manera, forma) way, manner (frml);

◊ el modo de hacerlo the way of doing it;

del siguiente modo in the following manner;
a mi modo de ver to my way of thinking, in my opinion;
no lo digas de ese modo don't say it like that;
de un modo u otro one way or another;
su modo de ser the way he is;

( on signs) modo de empleo instructions for use, directions;
◊ me lo pidió de muy mal modo (AmL) she asked me (for it) very rudely

b) ( en locs)

◊ a mi/tu/su modo (in) my/your/his (own) way;

de cualquier modo ( de todas formas) ( indep) in any case, anyway;

( sin cuidado) anyhow;
del mismo or de igual modo que just as, in the same way (that);
◊ de modo que ( así que) so;

( para que) so that;
◊ de ningún modo no way;

de ningún modo puedo aceptar there's no way I can accept;
de todos modos anyway, anyhow;
en cierto modo in a way;
ni modo (AmL exc CS fam) no way;
traté de persuadirlo pero ni modo I tried to persuade him but it was no good;
ni modo que te quedes aquí there's no way you're staying here (colloq)
2
◊ modos sustantivo masculino plural ( modales) manners (pl);

con buenos/malos modos politely/rudely o impolitely
modo sustantivo masculino
1 (forma de hacer) way, manner: habla de un modo extraño, he speaks in a strange way
2 Ling mode: modo imperativo, imperative mood 3 modos, manners: ¡no vengas aquí con esos malos modos!, don't come around here with those bad manners!
' modo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- así
- camino
- cante
- canto
- carácter
- censurar
- cocina
- como quiera
- comoquiera
- con
- conforme
- de
- dicha
- dicho
- empleo
- en
- estilo
- forma
- ir
- gustar
- habla
- igualmente
- inciso
- indicativa
- indicativo
- mirada
- olla
- parcial
- pensión
- poner
- proceder
- radical
- reconocer
- replicar
- risa
- según
- sentada
- sic
- sistema
- tal
- temeraria
- temerario
- temperamento
- tono
- tres
- uso
- ver
- vía
- vida
English:
abrupt
- alike
- allowance
- aloud
- anyhow
- as
- at
- captivate
- casually
- deliriously
- depressingly
- direction
- dramatically
- educationally
- fashion
- funnily
- gloomily
- haphazardly
- harmlessly
- illegibly
- impressively
- inadequately
- incompletely
- incomprehensibly
- inconclusively
- inconveniently
- instruction
- keenly
- kind
- loophole
- love
- maddeningly
- manner
- mode
- modus operandi
- mood
- mother
- nowhere
- observe
- offhandedly
- originally
- ostentatious
- other
- outrageous
- pass round
- plausibly
- quizzical
- ravishingly
- reassuringly
- reciprocally

* * *

modo

♦ nm

1. [manera, forma] way;

no encuentro el modo de dejar el tabaco whatever I do, I just can't seem to give up smoking;

ése no es modo de comportarse that's no way to behave;

¿has visto el modo en que o [m5] el modo como te mira? have you seen how o the way he's looking at you?;

esta vez lo haremos a mi modo this time we'll do it my way;

al modo de in the style of, after the fashion of;

a modo de as, by way of;

a mi modo de ver the way I see it;

de algún modo somehow;

se le cayó el botón porque lo cosió de cualquier modo the button fell off because he sewed it on carelessly o any old how;

hazlo de cualquier modo do it however you like;

no te preocupes, de cualquier modo no pensaba ir don't worry, I wasn't going to go anyway;

de ese/este modo that/this way;

del mismo modo similarly, in the same way;

lo hice del mismo modo que ayer/tú I did it the same way as yesterday/you;

lo organizaron de modo que acabara antes de las diez they organized it so (that) it finished before ten;

¿de modo que no te gusta? so, you don't like it (then)?;

de ningún modo o [m5] en modo alguno deberíamos dejarle salir under no circumstances should we let her out;

de ningún modo o [m5] en modo alguno quise ofenderte I in no way intended to offend you;

¿te he molestado? – de ningún modo o [m5] en modo alguno did I annoy you? – not at all o by no means;

¿quieres que lo invitemos? – ¡de ningún modo! shall we invite him? – no way o certainly not!;

de otro modo [si no] otherwise;

de tal modo (que) [tanto] so much (that);

de todos modos in any case, anyway;

de todos modos seguiremos en contacto in any case, we'll keep in touch;

de todos modos, ¿qué es eso que decías de un viaje? anyway, what's that you were saying about going away?;

de un modo u otro one way or another;

dicho de otro modo in other words, put another way;

en cierto modo in a way;

¡qué modo de hacer las cosas! that's no way to do things!

Comp
Ling modo de articulación manner of articulation;
modo de empleo instructions for use;

modo de pensar way of thinking;

a mi modo de pensar to my way of thinking;

modo de ser: [m5] tiene un modo de ser muy agradable she has a very pleasant nature;

no me gusta su modo de ser I don't like the way he is;

modo de vida way of life, lifestyle

2.
modos [modales] manners;

buenos/malos modos good/bad manners;

me contestó de buenos/malos modos she answered politely/rudely

3. Gram mood;

modo indicativo/subjuntivo indicative/subjunctive mood;

en modo indicativo in the indicative (mood)

4. Informát mode

Comp
modo de edición edit mode;
modo gráfico graphic mode;

modo de inserción insert mode

5. Mús mode

♦ ni modo loc adv
Am salvo RP [de ninguna manera] no way, not a chance;
¿llegaremos a tiempo? – ni modo will we get there on time? – no way o not a chance;

ni modo pues there's nothing we can do about it, then

* * *

modo

m

1 way;

a mi modo de ver to my way of thinking;

dicho de otro modo to put it another way;

de este modo like this;

modo de ser personality

2 GRAM mood

3 MÚS mode

4

:

modos pl manners;

de malos modos rudely

5

:

a modo de as;

de modo que so that;

de ningún modo not at all;

de otro modo otherwise;

de tal modo que so much that;

de todos modos anyway;

de cualquier modo anyway, anyhow;

en cierto modo in a way o sense

* * *

modo nm

1) manera: way, manner, mode

de un modo u otro: one way or another

a mi modo de ver: to my way of thinking

2) : mood (in grammar)

3) : mode (in music)

4)

a modo de : by way of, in the manner of, like

a modo de ejemplo: by way of example

5)

de cualquier modo : in any case, anyway

6)

de modo que : so, in such a way that

7)

de todos modos : in any case, anyway

8)

en cierto modo : in a way, to a certain extent

* * *

modo n way

tiene que haber un modo más fácil there must be an easier way

de modo que (por tanto) so (de forma que) so that

de ningún modo no way

de todos modos anyway

Spanish-English dictionary > modo
6 aprender

v.

to learn (adquirir conocimientos de).

aprender a hacer algo to learn to do something

aprendieron la lección (figurative) they learned their lesson

¡para que aprendas! that'll teach you!

Silvia adquirió experiencia Silvia acquired experience.

* * *

aprender

► verbo transitivo

1 to learn

■ así aprenderás a no decir mentiras that'll teach you not to tell lies

2 (memorizar) to learn by heart

► verbo pronominal aprenderse

1 to learn, learn by heart

* * *

verb

to learn

* * *

1.

VT to learn

aprender algo de memoria — to learn sth (off) by heart, memorize sth

aprender a hacer algo — to learn to do sth

2.

VI to learn

3.

See:

aprenderse

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo to learn
2.
aprender vt <lección/oficio> to learn

tienes que aprenderlo de memoria — you have to learn it (off) by heart

aprender algo de alguien/algo — to learn something from somebody/something

aprender a + inf — to learn to + inf

aprendió a leer — he learned to read
3.
aprenderse v pron (enf)

se aprendió el papel en una tarde — she learned the part in an afternoon

tienen que aprenderse la lección para mañana — you have to learn the lesson (by heart) for tomorrow

* * *

= learn, get into, learn + Posesivo + lesson, smarten up, wise up.

Ex. It is also easy to learn the proper command chain for frequently used library funds.

Ex. 'But didn't you say that one of the reasons you wanted to leave was because you were tired of macramËéË and wanted to get into computers?'.

Ex. One lesson soon learned was that cultural and library needs are only a small part of a municipality's overall policy.

Ex. The article 'Motherboards smarten up' reports on recent technological developments in motherboards = El artículo "Las placas madres aprenden" informa sobre los recientes avances tecnológicos de estas placas.

Ex. The article 'Cataloguing electronic resources: wise up or dumb down?' argues that WWW search engines do a good job in impossibly difficult circumstances but that they do not provide enough information about a resource.

----

* ansioso por aprender = thirsty for knowledge.

* aprender a = learn + how, develop + a sense of.

* aprender a fuerza de errores = learn by + trial and error.

* aprender al dedillo = learn + Nombre + off pat.

* aprender Algo a base de cometer errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.

* aprender Algo a fuerza de errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.

* aprender Algo a fuerza de golpes = learn + Nombre + the hard way.

* aprender a manejar Algo = get + the hang of.

* aprender a su propio ritmo = learn at + Posesivo + own pace.

* aprender a vivir con Algo = learn + to live with + Nombre.

* aprender con la práctica = learn by + doing.

* aprender de = draw + lessons from.

* aprender de carretilla = learn + Nombre + off pat.

* aprender de errores = learn from + errors.

* aprender de la experiencia = learn from + experience.

* aprender de la forma más difícil = learn + the hard way.

* aprender del pasado = learn from + the past.

* aprender de memoria = memorise [memorize, -USA], learn + Nombre + off pat.

* aprender de nuevo = relearn.

* aprender el uno del otro = learn from + one another.

* aprender en las carnes de Uno = learn + the hard way.

* aprender haciendo = learn by + doing.

* aprender la lección = learn + Posesivo + lesson.

* aprender los trucos del oficio = learn + the ropes.

* aprender mirando = shadow.

* aprender mutuamente = learn from + one another.

* aprender por el método de ensayo y error = learn by + trial and error.

* aprenderse Algo al dedillo = learn + Nombre + inside-out.

* aprenderse de memoria = commit to + memory.

* capaz de aprender = trainable.

* deseo por aprender = thirst for knowledge.

* deseoso de aprender = thirsty for knowledge.

* el que aprende = learner.

* lecciones aprendidas = lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* persona que está aprendiendo a conducir = learner driver.

* volver a aprender = relearn.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo to learn
2.
aprender vt <lección/oficio> to learn

tienes que aprenderlo de memoria — you have to learn it (off) by heart

aprender algo de alguien/algo — to learn something from somebody/something

aprender a + inf — to learn to + inf

aprendió a leer — he learned to read
3.
aprenderse v pron (enf)

se aprendió el papel en una tarde — she learned the part in an afternoon

tienen que aprenderse la lección para mañana — you have to learn the lesson (by heart) for tomorrow

* * *

= learn, get into, learn + Posesivo + lesson, smarten up, wise up.

Ex: It is also easy to learn the proper command chain for frequently used library funds.

Ex: 'But didn't you say that one of the reasons you wanted to leave was because you were tired of macramËéË and wanted to get into computers?'.

Ex: One lesson soon learned was that cultural and library needs are only a small part of a municipality's overall policy.

Ex: The article 'Motherboards smarten up' reports on recent technological developments in motherboards = El artículo "Las placas madres aprenden" informa sobre los recientes avances tecnológicos de estas placas.

Ex: The article 'Cataloguing electronic resources: wise up or dumb down?' argues that WWW search engines do a good job in impossibly difficult circumstances but that they do not provide enough information about a resource.

* ansioso por aprender = thirsty for knowledge.

* aprender a = learn + how, develop + a sense of.

* aprender a fuerza de errores = learn by + trial and error.

* aprender al dedillo = learn + Nombre + off pat.

* aprender Algo a base de cometer errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.

* aprender Algo a fuerza de errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.

* aprender Algo a fuerza de golpes = learn + Nombre + the hard way.

* aprender a manejar Algo = get + the hang of.

* aprender a su propio ritmo = learn at + Posesivo + own pace.

* aprender a vivir con Algo = learn + to live with + Nombre.

* aprender con la práctica = learn by + doing.

* aprender de = draw + lessons from.

* aprender de carretilla = learn + Nombre + off pat.

* aprender de errores = learn from + errors.

* aprender de la experiencia = learn from + experience.

* aprender de la forma más difícil = learn + the hard way.

* aprender del pasado = learn from + the past.

* aprender de memoria = memorise [memorize, -USA], learn + Nombre + off pat.

* aprender de nuevo = relearn.

* aprender el uno del otro = learn from + one another.

* aprender en las carnes de Uno = learn + the hard way.

* aprender haciendo = learn by + doing.

* aprender la lección = learn + Posesivo + lesson.

* aprender los trucos del oficio = learn + the ropes.

* aprender mirando = shadow.

* aprender mutuamente = learn from + one another.

* aprender por el método de ensayo y error = learn by + trial and error.

* aprenderse Algo al dedillo = learn + Nombre + inside-out.

* aprenderse de memoria = commit to + memory.

* capaz de aprender = trainable.

* deseo por aprender = thirst for knowledge.

* deseoso de aprender = thirsty for knowledge.

* el que aprende = learner.

* lecciones aprendidas = lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* persona que está aprendiendo a conducir = learner driver.

* volver a aprender = relearn.

* * *

aprender [E1 ]

vi

to learn

¡nunca aprenderás! you'll never learn!

■ aprender

vt

‹idioma/lección/oficio› to learn

tienes que aprenderlo de memoria you have to learn it (off) by heart

aprender algo DE algn to learn sth FROM sb

los buenos modales los aprendió de su padre he learned his good manners from his father

aprender A + INF to learn to + INF

nunca aprendió a leer he never learned to read

■ aprenderse

v pron

( enf):

se aprendió el papel en una tarde she learned the part in an afternoon

tienen que aprenderse la lección para mañana you have to learn the lesson (by heart) for tomorrow

* * *

aprender ( conjugate aprender) vi/vt
to learn;
aprender a hacer algo to learn to do sth
aprenderse verbo pronominal ( enf) ‹lección/parte› to learn;
◊ me la aprendí de memoria I learnt it by heart

aprender verbo transitivo to learn
aprender a hacer algo, to learn to do something

' aprender' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- cartilla
- comedirse
- guión
- incapacidad
- afán
- conocer
- enseñar
- memoria
- repaso
English:
aptitude
- basic
- drum
- eager
- heart
- intent
- learn
- memorize
- parrot-fashion
- pick up
- ram
- start
- study
- way
- budget
- come
- ever
- go
- grip
- hard
- lesson
- pick

* * *

aprender

♦ vt

to learn;

aprendí mucho de mi profesor I learned a lot from my teacher;

aprender a hacer algo to learn to do sth;

aprender algo de memoria to learn sth by heart;
Fig
parece que no han aprendido la lección it seems like they haven't learned their lesson

♦ vi

to learn;

¡aprende de tu hermana! learn from your sister!;

¡para que aprendas! that'll teach you!;

¡así aprenderá! that'll teach him!;

¡nunca aprenderán! they'll never learn!

♦ See also the pronominal verb aprenderse

* * *

aprender

v/t learn;

aprender a leer/conducir learn to read/drive;

aprender de la experiencia learn from experience

* * *

aprender v

: to learn

♦ See also the reflexive verb aprenderse

* * *

aprender vb to learn [pt. & pp. learnt]

el niño ya aprende a hablar the baby's already learning to talk

Spanish-English dictionary > aprender
7 contestar

v.

1 to answer.

contestar a una pregunta to answer a question

contestó que sí/que no he said yes/no

no contestan there's no reply o answer (al teléfono)

Elsa contestó por educación Elsa answered out of good manners.

La estrella contestó sus preguntas The star answered his questions.

Ricardo le contestó a Silvia de mala manera Richard answered Silvia in a bad way.

2 to answer back.

¡no contestes a tu madre! don't answer back to your mother!

* * *

contestar

► verbo transitivo

1 (responder) to answer

■ contestó bien she gave the right answer

2 DERECHO to confirm

► verbo intransitivo

1 (responder) to answer; (replicar) to answer back

■ ¡no contestes! don't answer back!

2 (oponer) to contest, question

* * *

verb

to answer

* * *

1. VT

1) (=responder) to answer, reply; [+ saludo] to return

contesté todas las preguntas — I answered all the questions

contestar al teléfono — to answer the telephone

contestar una carta — to reply to a letter

le pregunté que si vendría y contestó que sí — I asked him if he would come and he replied that he would

2) (=replicar) to answer back

no le contestes así a tu madre — don't answer your mother back like that, don't talk back to your mother like that

3) (Jur) to corroborate, confirm

2. VI

1) (=responder) to answer, reply

abstenerse de contestar — to make no reply

no contestan — there's no reply o answer

2) (Pol) to protest

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo <pregunta/teléfono> to answer; < carta> to answer, reply to

me contestó que no — he said no
2.
contestar vi

a) (a pregunta, al teléfono) to answer; (a carta, a invitación) to answer, reply

no contesta nadie — (Telec) there's no answer

contéstale antes del lunes — let him have an answer by Monday

b) ( insolentarse) to answer back

* * *

= answer back, counter, answer, rejoin.

Ex. He began swearing and saying 'I don't know what you're on about, whatever we do, it's wrong!' and of course I answered his nastiness back.

Ex. The president countered with the view that most people fall somewhere between Type A and Type B anyway, and that effective time management and Type B behavior are not mutually exclusive.

Ex. The compilation of an author catalogue or index presents four basic questions which need to be answered.

Ex. And he rejoined: "Do as you please".

----

* contestar favorablemente = respond + favourably.

* contestar positivamente = respond + favourably.

* contestar una carta = answer + letter.

* no saber qué contestar = stump.

* poderse contestar = be answerable.

* que se puede contestar = answerable.

* saber contestar muy bien = be not at a loss for words.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo <pregunta/teléfono> to answer; < carta> to answer, reply to

me contestó que no — he said no
2.
contestar vi

a) (a pregunta, al teléfono) to answer; (a carta, a invitación) to answer, reply

no contesta nadie — (Telec) there's no answer

contéstale antes del lunes — let him have an answer by Monday

b) ( insolentarse) to answer back

* * *

= answer back, counter, answer, rejoin.

Ex: He began swearing and saying 'I don't know what you're on about, whatever we do, it's wrong!' and of course I answered his nastiness back.

Ex: The president countered with the view that most people fall somewhere between Type A and Type B anyway, and that effective time management and Type B behavior are not mutually exclusive.

Ex: The compilation of an author catalogue or index presents four basic questions which need to be answered.

Ex: And he rejoined: "Do as you please".

* contestar favorablemente = respond + favourably.

* contestar positivamente = respond + favourably.

* contestar una carta = answer + letter.

* no saber qué contestar = stump.

* poderse contestar = be answerable.

* que se puede contestar = answerable.

* saber contestar muy bien = be not at a loss for words.

* * *

contestar [A1 ]

vt

‹pregunta/teléfono› to answer; ‹carta› to answer, reply to

me contestó que no he said no

■ contestar

vi

1 (a una pregunta) to answer; (a una carta) to answer, reply

me escribió pero no pienso contestarle she wrote to me but I don't intend writing back

llamé varias veces, pero no contestaba nadie I phoned several times but no-one answered

a ver si me contestas antes del lunes try to let me have an answer by Monday

2 (insolentarse) to answer back

no me contestes don't answer (me) back

* * *

contestar ( conjugate contestar) verbo transitivo ‹pregunta/teléfono› to answer;
‹ carta› to answer, reply to;
◊ me contestó que no he said no

verbo intransitivo
a) (a pregunta, al teléfono) to answer;

(a carta, a invitación) to answer, reply;
◊ no contesta nadie (Telec) there's no answer

b) ( insolentarse) to answer back

contestar verbo transitivo
1 to answer
2 familiar (replicar) to answer back
' contestar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
molestar
- reservarse
- telefonear
- aló
- apurado
- bueno
- decir
- dúo
- manera
- pregunta
- responder
- salteado
- sin
- sinceridad
- tardanza
- tardar
- teléfono
- usted
English:
affirmative
- answer
- counter
- hedge
- mind
- must
- refuse
- reply
- snap back
- unanswered
- write back
- can
- fit
- respond
- retort
- stump
- write
- wrong

* * *

contestar

♦ vt

1. [responder] to answer;

contestar a una pregunta to answer a question;

contestar a una carta to reply to o answer a letter;

contestó que sí/que no he said yes/no;

contestó que no podía she replied o said that she couldn't

2. [oponerse a] to oppose;

contestaron las medidas del gobierno they opposed the government's measures;

contestaron la idoneidad del candidato they questioned the candidate's suitability

♦ vi

1. [responder] to answer;

no contestan [al teléfono] there's no reply o answer

2. [con insolencia] to answer back;

¡no contestes a tu madre! don't answer back to your mother!

* * *

contestar

I v/t answer, reply to

II v/i

1 reply (a to), answer (a sth)

2 de forma insolente answer back

* * *

contestar vt

responder: to answer

contestar vi

1) responder: to answer, to reply

2) replicar: to answer back

* * *

contestar vb

1. (en general) to answer

has contestado correctamente todas las preguntas you've answered all the questions correctly

2. (replicar) to answer back

¡no contestes a tu padre! don't answer your father back!

Spanish-English dictionary > contestar
8 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

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   ■ World War II and Portugal

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   ■ Saint-Exupery, Antoine. Wartime Writings, 1939-1944. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1986.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano, ed. Portugal E A Guerra. Historia das Intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais seculos XIX e XX. Lisbon: Colibri, 1998.

   ■ Telo, Antonio Jose. Propagandal E Guerra Secreta Em Portugal 1939-45. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■. Portugal na Segunda Guerra ( 1941-1945), 2 vols. Lisbon, 1991.

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   ■ Vintras, R.E. The Portuguese Connection: The Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman and Turner, 1974. Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Age Old Business of Espionage." 1987 World Book Year Book. Chicago, 1987.

   ■. "'In the Service of Order.' The Portuguese Political Police and the British, Germany and Spanish Intelligence [Services]." Journal of Contemporary History 36: no. 3 (Jan. 1983), 1-25.

   ■. "And Who is My Neighbor? A World War II Hero of Conscience for Portugal." Luso-Brazilian Review 23 (no. 2) (Summer 1989), 119-39.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question, and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, WI), 23 (nos.1, 2) (Summer, 1986; Winter, 1986). 97-111; 108-127.

   ■. "Last of the Great Air Mysteries of the War [World War II]." Bridport and Lyme Regis Gazette (Dorset, U.K.), June 5, 2003, 24-25.

   ■. "Leslie Howard Helped Win World War II," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Mo.), April 3, 5, 2005.

   ■ Wilson, Robert. A Small Death in Lisbon. London, 2000.

   ■. The Company Of Strangers. San Diego, 2002.

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   ■ The Military

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General. Historia do Exercito Portugues. Lisbon: Inquerito, 1945.

   ■ Kaulza de Arriaga, General. Guerra e Politica. Em nome da verdade. Os anos decisivos. Lisbon: Referendo, 1987.

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   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

   ■ Ribeiro Dos Santos, Antonio Pedro. O Estado E A Order Publica. As Institui-coes Militares Portuguesas. Lisbon: Instituto Superior De Ciencias Sociais E Politicas, 1999.

   ■ Saraiva de Carvalho, Otelo. Alvorada em Abril. Amadora (Portugal): Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Selvagem, Carlos. Portugal Militar. Compendio de Historia Militar e Naval de Portugal. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1931.

   ■ Spinola, Antonio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon: Arcadia, 1974.

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   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. Portugal e a Guerra. Historia das intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais do seculo XX. Lisbon: Ed. Colibri, 1999.

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   ■ Valente, Vasco Pulido. O Poder e o Povo. A Revolucao de 1910. Lisbon: Moraes, 1976, 1982.

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   ■ Government and Politics since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. "Hidden Fluidity in an Ultra-Stable Party System." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 101-27. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel, ed. Sistema Eleitoral Portugües: Debate Político e Parlamentar. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional/ Casa da Moeda, 1998.

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   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., ed. Political Parties and Democracy in Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1997. Carlucci, Frank. "Confiei no Povo Portugues." Visao (Lisbon), April 10, 1997, 46-47.

   ■. "The View from the U.S. Embassy." In Hans Binnendijk, ed., Authoritarian Regimes in Transition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State, Foreign Service Institute, Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs, 1987.

   ■ Coelho, Mário Baptista, ed. Portugal. O Sistema Política a Constitucional, 1974-87. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, UNL, 1989.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antonio. "Settling Accounts with the Past in a Troubled Transition to Democracy: The Portuguese Case." In Alexandra Barahona De Brito, Carmen Gonzalez-Enriquez, and Paloma Aguilar, eds., The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies, 65-91. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Cruzeiro, Maria Manuela. Costa Gomes-o Ultimo Marechal. Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 1998.

   ■ Domingos, Emídio Da Veiga. Portugal Político. Análise das Instituiçoes. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Goldey, David. "Elections and the Consolidation of Portuguese Democracy: 1974-1983." Electoral Studies 2, 3 (1983): 229-40.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. "Institutionalizing Democracy: Governance in Post-1974 Portugal." In Ali Farazmand, ed., Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration, 81-90. New York: Dekker, 1991.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Gunther, Richard. "Spain and Portugal." In G. A. Dorfman and P. J. Duignan, eds., Politics in Western Europe, 186-236. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1988.

   ■ Magone, José Maria. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. Basingstoke, U.K.: Macmillan, 1997.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth R., and Scott C. Monje, eds. Portugal: The Constitution and the Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-1989. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Camões Center Special Report No. 2, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■ Opello, Walter C., Jr. "The New Parliament in Portugal." Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3 (May 1978): 309-334.

   ■. "Local Government and Political Culture in a Portuguese Rural County." Comparative Politics 13 (April 1981): 271-89.

   ■. "Portugal's Administrative Elite: Social Origins and Political Attitudes." West European Politics 6 (Jan. 1983): 63-74.

   ■. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■ Pinto Balsemão, Francisco. "The Constitution and Politics: Options for the Future." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 197-232. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Sartori, Giovanni. "Portugal." In Sartori, G, ed., Parties and Party Systems. Vol. 1, 131-45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Secretary of State for Mass Communications. Constitution of the Portuguese Republic [1976]. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Contemporary Portugal since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. A Ilusão do poder: Analise do Sistema Partidário, 19761982. Lisbon, 1983. Almeida, Diniz de. Orígens e Evolução do Movimento dos Capitães. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. Ascensao, Apogeu e Queda do MFA, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Alves, Márcio Moreira. Les Soldats Socialistes du Portugal. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. Sá Carneiro: Um Meteoro Nos Anos Setenta. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■. O Segredo do 25 de Novembro. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

   ■, and C. V. Preto, eds. A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.

   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.

   ■, coord. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer 2000): 1-404. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Popular Support for Democracy in Post-revolutionary Portugal: Results from a Survey." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 21-42. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. Politics and Nationhood: Post-Revolutionary Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1984.

   ■. "Portugal Fifteen Years after the April Revolution." Field Staff Reports ( 1989-90/ No. 1, Europe), 3-11. Indianapolis, Ind.: Universities Field Staff International, 1990.

   ■, and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Ortelo Saraiva de. Cinco Meses Mudaram Portugal. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

   ■ Costa Lobo, Marina, and Pedro C. Magalhaes. "From 'Third Wave' to 'Third Way': Europe and the Portuguese Socialists (1975-1999)," Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 3, no. 1 (2001), 25-35.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antônio, ed. Modern Portugal. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

   ■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Eisfeid, Rainer. "Portugal: What Role/What Future?" In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution. New York: RIIC, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.

   ■. "Portugal and Western Europe." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 29-62. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Farinha, Luis. "Regresso a Europa. Uma opcao feliz." Historia. XXIX; 95, III series (March 2007), 23-33.

   ■ Faye, Jean-Pierre, ed. Portugal: The Revolution in the Labyrinth. Nottingham, U.K.: Spokesman, 1976. Ferreira, Hugo Gil, and Michael W. Marshall. Portugal's Revolution: Ten Years On. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Figueira, João Costa. Cavaco Silva: Homem de Estado. Lisbon, 1987. Filoche, Gérard. Printemps Portugais. Paris: Editions Action, 1984. Frémontier, Jacques. Os Pontos nos ii. Lisbon, 1976. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. 25 de Abril-10 anos depois. Lisbon, 1984. Futscher Pereira, Bernardo. "Portugal and Spain." In K. Maxwell, ed. Portugal in the 1980s, 63-87. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Gama, Jaime. Política Externa Portuguesa 1983-85: Ministério dos Negôcios Estrangeiros. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Preface." In J. Calvet de Magalhães, A. de Vasconcelos, and J. Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

   ■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

   ■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.

   ■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.

   ■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.

   ■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.

   ■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.

   ■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.

   ■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.

   ■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.

   ■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.

   ■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.

   ■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

   ■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

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   ■. "The Forced Labor 'System' in Angola, 1903-1947: Reassessing Origins and Persistence in the Context of Colonial Consolidation, Economic Growth and Reform Failures." In CEAUP, Centro de Estudos Africanos da Universidade do Porto, ed., Trabalho forcado africano-experiencias coloniais comparadas, 367-393. Oporto: CEAUP, 2006.

   ■. "As Raizes Do Nacionalismo Angolano: Publicacoes De Protesto Dos Assimilados, 1870-1940." In Nuno Vidal and Justino Pinto De Andrade, eds., O Processo De Transicao Para O Multipartidarismo Em Angola, 73-92. Lisbon: Ed. Firmamento, 2006.

   ■, and René Pélissier. Angola. London: Pall Mall and New York: Praeger, 1971; reprinted, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1977; Portuguese lang. edition, Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2009. Whiteway, R. W. The Rise of the Portuguese Power in India, 1497-1550. London: Constable, 1899.

   ■ Winius, George D. The Fatal History of Portuguese Ceylon: Transition to Dutch Rule. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971.

   ■. "The Portuguese Asian 'Decadência' Revisited." In Alfred Hower and Richard Preto-Rodas, eds., Empire in Transition, 106-17. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1980.

   ■. The Black Legend of Portuguese India. New Delhi: New Concept, 1985.

   ■ Portuguese Migration and Communities Abroad

   ■ Alves, Marcial. Os Portugueses no Mundo. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Anderson, Grace M., and David Higgs, eds. A Future to Inherit: Portuguese Communities in Canada. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1976. Arroteia, Jorge Carvalho. A emigração Portuguesa-suas origens e distribuição. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. "Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Portuguese Emigration: A Bibliography." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 3 (Fall-Winter, 1977-78).

   ■. "Emigrar Para Voltar: A Portuguese Ideology of Return Migration." Papers in Anthropology 20 (1979): 1-20.

   ■. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman Publishing Co., 1982.

   ■. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Eduardo de. Os portugueses na Nova Inglaterra. Rio de Janeiro, 1931.

   ■ Caspari, Andrea. "The Return Orientation among Portuguese Migrants in France." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 193-203. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone, ed. Portugueses na América do Norte. Baden: Peregrinação, 1983.

   ■ Fagundes, Francisco Cota. Hard Knocks: An Azorean-American Odyssey.

   ■ [Memoir]. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000. Felix, John Henry, and Peter F. Senecal. The Portuguese in Hawaii. Honolulu, Hawaii: Authors' edition, 1978. Fernandes, Ferreira. Os Primos da América. Lisbon: Relógio D'Agua, 1991. Ferreira, Eduardo de Sousa. As orígens e formas de emigração. Lisbon, 1976. Freitas, J. F. Portuguese-American Memories. Honolulu, Hawaii, 1930.

   ■ Giles, Wenona. "Motherhood and Wage Labour in London, England: Portuguese Migrant Women and the Politics of Gender." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. University of Toronto, 1987.

   ■ Higgs, David, ed. Portuguese Migration in Global Perspective. Ontario: Multicultural Historical Society of Ontario, 1990.

   ■ Klimt, Andrea. "Portuguese Migrants in Germany: Class, Ethnicity and Gender." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Stanford University, 1987.

   ■ Lavigne, Gules. Les ethniques et la ville: L'aventure des immigrants portugais à Montreal. Montreal: Preamble, 1987.

   ■ Leder, Hans Howard. Cultural Persistence in a Portuguese-American Community. New York: Arno Press, 1980.

   ■ Lewis, J. R., and A. M. Williams. "Emigrants and Retornados: A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Impact of Return Migration in the Região Centro." In E. D. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 227-50. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ McCabe, Marsha L., and Joseph D. Thomas, eds. Portuguese Spinner: An American Story; Stories of History, Culture and Life from Portuguese Americans in Southeastern New England. New Bedford, Mass.: Spinner, 1998.

   ■ Marques, D., and J. Medeiros. Portuguese Immigrants: 25 Years in Canada. Toronto: West End YMCA, 1989.

   ■ Martins, J. Oliveira. Fomento Rural e emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Mira, Manuel. The Forgotten Portuguese: The Melungeons and Other Groups; The Portuguese Making of America. Franklin, N.C.: Portuguese-American Historical Research Foundation, 1998.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal." Economia e Sociedade (Lisbon) 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ Nunes, Maria Luisa. A Portuguese Colonial in America: Belmira Nunes Lopes; The Autobiography of a Cape Verdean-American. Pittsburgh, Penn.: Latin American Literary Review Press, 1982.

   ■ Oliver, Lawrence. Never Backward: The Autobiography of Lawrence Oliver; A Portuguese-American. San Diego, 1972.

   ■ Pap, Leo. The Portuguese-Americans. Boston: Twayne, 1981.

   ■ Pereira, Miriam Halpern. A Política Portuguesa de Emigraçao, 1850 a 1930. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Pereira da Rosa, Victor M., and Salvato V. Trigo. "Elementos para uma Caracterização da Família Imigrante Portuguesa na Africa do Sul." Economia e Sociologia 41 (1986): 61-71.

   ■. Azorean Emigration: A Preliminary Overview. Oporto: Fernando Pessoa University, 1994.

   ■. Portugueses e Moçambicanos no Apartheid: Da Ficção à Realidade. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Purves, James. "Portuguese in Bermuda." Bermuda Historical Quarterly 3 (1946): 133-42.

   ■ Ribeiro, F. G. Cassola. Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Rocha-Trinidade, Maria Beatriz da. "La Sociologie des Migrations au Portugal." Current Sociology 32, 2 (Summer 1984): 175-98.

   ■. "Towards Reintegration of Emigrants." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and Guy Clausse, eds., Closing the Migratory Cycle: The Case of Portugal, 183-94. Saarbrücken: Breitenbach, 1985.

   ■. "Emigração." In Dicionario Illustrado Da História De Portugal ( 1985): 205-7.

   ■. A Emigração. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Espaços de herança cultural portuguesa-gentes, factos, políticas." Analise Social (Lisbon) XXIV (1988): 313-51.

   ■ Rocha-Trinidade, Maria Beatriz da, and Jorge Arroteia. Bibliografia da Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Americans of Portuguese Descent: A Lesson in Differentiation. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1974.

   ■. Testemunhos sobre a Emigração Portuguesa: Antologia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Silva, F. Emídio da. A Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Silva, Manuela, et al. Retorno, Emigração e Desenvolvimento Regional em Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Simões, Mário Pinto. O Emigrante Português: Processos de Adaptação ( o exemplo da Suiça). Oporto, 1985.

   ■ Simões, Nuno. O Brasil e a Emigração Portuguesa. Coimbra, 1934.

   ■ Sousa Ferreira, Eduardo de, and Guy Clausse, eds. Closing the Migratory Cycle: The Case of Portugal. Saarbrucken: Verlag Breitenbach, 1986.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Sea to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Vicente, António Luís. Os Portuguese Nos Estados Unidos Da América: Política De Comunidades E Comunidade Política. Lisbon: FLAD, 1998.

   ■ Viera, David, et al. Portuguese in the United States: A Bibliography ( Supplement to the 1976 Leo Pap Bibliography). Essay Number 6 in Essays in Portuguese Studies. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1989.

   ■ Williams, Jerry. And Yet They Come: Portuguese Immigration from the Azores to the United States. New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1982.

   ■ Portugal's Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeiras)

   ■ Biddle, Anthony J. Drexel. The Madeira Islands, 2 vols. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1900.

   ■ Bryans, Robin. Madeira, Pearl of the Atlantic. London: Robert Hale, 1959.

   ■. The Azores. London: Faber & Faber, 1963.

   ■ Cooke, Rupert Croft. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Cossart, Noel. Madeira— the Island Vineyard. London: Christie's, 1984.

   ■ Da Silva, Fernando Augusto, and Carlos Azevedo de Menezes. Elucidário Madeirense, 3 vols. Funchal, 1940.

   ■ Duncan, T. Bentley. Atlantic Islands in the Seventeenth Century: Madeira, the Azores and the Cape Verdes in Seventeenth-Century Commerce andNavigation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.

   ■ Guill, James H. A History of the Azores Islands. Menlo Park, Calif.: Author's Edition, 1972.

   ■ Instituto Histórico Da Ilha Terceira [Azores]. Os Açores E O Atlântico ( Séculos XIV-XVII) [Proceedings of International Colloquium, August 1983]. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira Island, Azores, 1984.

   ■ Koebel, William Henry. Madeira Old and New. London: Griffiths, 1909.

   ■ Mee, Jules. Histoire de la découverte des Iles Açores. Ghent, 1901.

   ■ Peres, Damião. A Madeira sob os donatórios-Séculos XV e XVI. Funchal, 1914.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Atlantic Islanders of the Azores and Madeiras. North Quincy, Mass.: Christopher House, 1979.

   ■ Serpa, Caetano Valadão. A Gente Dos Açores. Identificaçao-Emigraçio E Religiosidade: Séculos XVI-XX. Lisbon: 1978.

   ■ Silva, J. Donald. "With Columbus in Madeira." Portuguese Studies Review (Durham, NH) I, 1 (Spring-Summer 1991).

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Azores and the United States (1787-1987): Two Hundred Years of Shared History." Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira XLV (1988): 55-71.

   ■ Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (1373-Present)

   ■ Almada, José de. A Aliança Inglesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1947.

   ■. Para a história da aliança luso-britânica. Lisbon, 1955.

   ■ Atkinson, William C. British Contributions to Portuguese and Brazilian Studies. London: British Council, 1974.

   ■ Bourne, Kenneth. The Foreign Policy of Victorian England 1830-1902. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

   ■ British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■ British Community Council of London. Souvenir Brochure Commemorating the 600th Anniversary of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Alliance and Friendship, 1373-1973. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. Portugal na Alvorada do Século XX. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello "Aliança Inglesa." Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira da Cultura. Vol. 1 (1963): 1270-1271.

   ■. "L'alliance Anglo-Portuguese: Histoire et situation actuelle." Chronique de politique etrangére (Paris) XX, 6 (1967): 695-708.

   ■. Portugal e a Internacionalização dos Problemas Africanos. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Castro, Armando. A dominação inglesa em Portugal. Estudo seguido de Antologia Textos dos Sécs. XVIII e XIX. Oporto: Afrontamento, 1972.

   ■ Crollen, Luc. Portugal, the U.S. and NATO. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1973.

   ■. "Portugal." In O. De Raeymaeker et al. Small Powers in Alignment, 27-96. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1974.

   ■ Cunha Leal, Francisco. Portugal e Inglaterra. Corunna, 1932.

   ■ Davidson, Basil. "The Oldest Alliance Faces a Crisis." In Philip Masonm, ed., Angola: A Symposium. Views of a Revolt, 138-60. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.

   ■ Duff, Katherine. "The War and the Neutrals." In Arnold and Veronica Toyn-bee, eds., Survey of International Affairs. London: Chatham House, 1956.

   ■ Duffy, James. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.

   ■ Epstein, John. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1373-1973." World Survey (London) 54 (June 1973): p. 18.

   ■ Ferreira, José Medeiros. Estudos de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General L. O Poder Militar Da Gran-Bretanha E A Aliança Anglo-Lusa. Coimbra, 1939.

   ■. A Cooperaçio Anglo-Portuguesa na Grande Guerra de 1914-18. Lisbon, 1942.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Methuens and Portugal 1691-1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

   ■. Portugal 1715-1808. London: Tamesis, 1985.

   ■ Freitas, A. Barjona de. A Questão Ingleza. Lisbon, 1891.

   ■ Gonçalves, Caetano. A Aliança Luso-Britânica e o Domínio Colonial Português. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Guedes, Armando Marques. A Aliança Inglesa: Notas de História diplomática, 1383-1943. Lisbon, 1943. Halpern Pereira, Miriam. Revoluçio, finanças, dependência externa. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Howorth, A. H. D'Araujo Scott. A Aliança Luso-Britânica E A Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorne, 1970.

   ■ Lawrence, L. Nehru Seizes Goa. New York: Pageant, 1963.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance: Historical Perspective." 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 7-15. Lisbon: BBC, 1973.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Borges de. História Diplomática Portuguesa-Constantes e Linhas de Força. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Manoel, J. de Câmara. Portugal e Inglatterra. Lisbon, 1909.

   ■ Martinez, Pedro S. História Diplomática de Portugal. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Medlicott, W. N. The Economic Blockade, Vol. II. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1952.

   ■ Oliveira, Pedro Aires. Os Despojos Da Alianca. A Gra-Bretanha e a questao colonial portuguesa 1945-1975. Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2007. Ortigão, Ramalho. John Bull. Lisbon, 1887.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England and Holland from 1646 to 1668. Watford, U.K.: Voss & Michael, 1925.

   ■. Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. London: Voss & Michael, 1935.

   ■ Russell, Peter E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955. Sarmento, J. E. Morães. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and Coast Defense. London, 1908.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. "O Ultimatum (January 1890)." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. IV (1971): 219-24.

   ■ Shafaat, Ahmed Khan, ed. Anglo-Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay, 1660-1667. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Sousa, Carlos Hermenegildo de. A Aliança Anglo-Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■ Stone, Glyn A. "The Official British Attitude to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1910-45." Journal of Contemporary History (London) 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 729-46.

   ■. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Woodbridge, U.K.: Royal Historical Society and Boydell Press, 1994. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Ultimatum Inglês: Política Externa no Portugal do 1890. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Teles, Basilio. Do Ultimatum ao 30 de Janeiro. Oporto, 1905.

   ■ Vicente, António Pedro. "Um testemunho de 1796 sobre a Situação de Portugal face ao domínio inglês." In Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües, IV. Paris, 1972.

   ■ Vieira de Castro, Luís. D. Carlos I. ( Elementos de História Diplomática), 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1941.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain, Portugal and the First World War." European Studies Review 4, 3 (1974).

   ■. "The Portuguese Economy and the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty of 1916." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) III, 2 (Autumn 1974): 49-54.

   ■. As Relações Políticas Luso-Britânicas 1910-1916. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. "The Portuguese Republic and Britain, 1910-14." Journal of Contemporary History 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 707-27.

   ■ Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: A Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. Viriato [Pseud]. A Aliança lnglesa. Lisbon, 1914.

   ■ Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon and Its Closing Stages Ensuring upon the Treaty of 1810. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola, 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 1963.

   ■. "19th Century: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the Scramble for Africa." In BBC, 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 40-43. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 34, 1, 2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27; 97-111.

   ■ Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth's Convention of Cintra: A Facsimile of the 1809 Tract [Introduction by Gordon Kent Thomas]. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
9 desprovisto

adj.

unprovided, lacking, devoid, not supplied.

past part.

past participle of spanish verb: desproveer.

* * *

desprovisto

► participio pasado

1→ link=desproveer desproveer

► adjetivo

1 lacking (de, -), devoid (de, of), without (de, -)

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estar desprovisto,-a de to be lacking, lack

■ estaba desprovisto de experiencia he lacked experience

* * *

ADJ

desprovisto de algo — devoid of sth, without sth

un libro no desprovisto de méritos — a book not without merit

estar desprovisto de algo — to lack sth, be lacking in sth

estar desprovisto de medios — to lack means

* * *

- ta adjetivo

desprovisto de algo — lacking in something

la escuela se halla desprovista de material — the school lacks equipment

desprovisto de recursos — without means

niños desprovistos de cariño — children deprived of affection

* * *

----

* desprovisto de = devoid of, shorn of.

* * *

- ta adjetivo

desprovisto de algo — lacking in something

la escuela se halla desprovista de material — the school lacks equipment

desprovisto de recursos — without means

niños desprovistos de cariño — children deprived of affection

* * *

* desprovisto de = devoid of, shorn of.

* * *

desprovisto -ta

adjective

desprovisto DE algo lacking IN sth

la escuela se halla desprovista del material más elemental the school lacks even the most basic equipment

niños que están desprovistos de cariño children who have been deprived of affection

una familia desprovista de recursos a family with nothing to live on

no se puede decir que esté desprovisto de cualidades it cannot be said that he is completely devoid of good qualities ( frml), you can't say that he is totally without good qualities

* * *

desprovisto
◊ -ta adjetivo desprovisto de algo lacking in sth

desprovisto,-a adjetivo lacking [de, in], without [de, -], devoid [de, of]

' desprovisto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
desprovista
English:
devoid
- void

* * *

desprovisto, -a adj

desprovisto de lacking in, devoid of;

un hombre totalmente desprovisto de modales a man with absolutely no manners;

animales desprovistos de dientes animals that lack teeth, animals with no teeth;

la casa está desprovista de comodidades the house lacks modern conveniences

* * *

desprovisto

adj

:

desprovisto de lacking in

* * *

desprovisto, -ta adj

desprovisto de : devoid of, lacking in

* * *

desprovisto adj without

un país desprovisto de bosques a country without forests

Spanish-English dictionary > desprovisto
10 недоставать

гл.

1. to lack; 2. to be lacking in smth; 3. not to have/to be enough; 4. to be short of smth; 5. to want; 6. to miss

Русские недоставать, не хватать при всей их многозначности не указывают ни на причину, ни на следствие недостаточности, ни на тип недостающего объекта, т. е. могут использоваться в разнообразных ситуациях без особых ограничений. Некоторые их английские соответствия включают такую конкретизацию в значение слова и поэтому употребляются в более лимитированных, конкретизированных ситуациях.

1. to lack — недоставать чего-либо, не хватать, не иметь, не имен, в достаточном количестве ( указывает на сам факт отсутствия чего-либо): to lack courage — не иметь достаточно мужества; to lack skill — не иметь необходимого опыта/не иметь необходимого умения; to lack taste — недоставать/не иметь вкуса; to lack style — не иметь чувства стиля; to lack sense of humour — недоставать чувства юмора/не иметь чувства юмора; to lack manners — нет хороших манер/недостает воспитания; to lack selfconfidence — недостает уверенности в себе/не хватает уверенности в себе The play was good in parts but generally the acting lacked sparkle. — Пьеса была ничего себе, но игре явно не хватало огонька./Пьеса была местами хороша, но исполнению явно не хватало задора.

2. to be lacking in smth — недостающий, отсутствующий, не имеющийся в наличии (употребляется только предикативно, определяет существительные со значением свойства, опыта, умения, чего-либо полезного и важного, поэтому часто сопровождается на речиями sadly, distinctly, noticeably, totally): to be lacking in experience — быть недостаточно опытным/не хватать опыта/не иметь опыта; to be lacking in skill — недоставать умения/на достаточных навыков/не иметь достаточных навыков; to be lacking in tact — не хватает такта/быть бестактным Concern for passenger safety has, up till now, been sadly lacking. — К сожалению, соображениям безопасности пассажиров до сих пор не уделяется достаточного внимания. She seems to be totally lacking in common sense. — Ей явно недостает здравого смысла. Не seems to be sadly lacking in tact. — Ему, к сожалению, не хватает такта. Financial backing for the project is still lacking. — Финансовое обеспечение проекта по-прежнему недостаточно./Финансовое обеспечение проекта по-прежнему отсутствует.

3. not to have/to be enough — недоставать, не хватать, не иметь достаточного количества, быть недостаточным: not to have enough time — не иметь достаточно времени; not to have enough money — не иметь достаточно денег; not to have enough courage не иметь достаточно смелости; not to be brave enough to do smth — быть недостаточно храбным для чего-либо; not to be clever enough to under stand — быть недостаточно умным, чтобы понять/не хватает ума, чтобы понять We don't have enough time to go shopping now. — У нас сейчас нет времени, чтобы пойти за покупками. Не hadn't had enough interest in the matter. — Ему было неинтересно заниматься этим вопросом./Вопрос был для него недостаточно интересным. Children get bored if they don't have enough to do. — Детям становится скучно, если им нечего делать. The plant died because it didn't have enough sunshine. — Растение погибло, потому что ему не хватало солнца.

4. to be short of smth — не хватать (того, что необходимо для чего-либо); недостает того, что необходимо для чего-либо: to be short of money — не хватает денег; to be short of time — не хватает времени; to be short of fuel — не хватает горючего; to be short of food — не хватает еды; to be short of clothing — нечего надеть; to be short of breath не хватает воздуха/не хватает дыхания I was short of money, so George lend me $20. — Мне не хватало денег, и Джордж дал мне взаймы двадцать долларов. After some months at sea, the ships were desperately short of fuel. — После нескольких месяцев пребывания в море кораблям отчаянно не хватало топлива. We are short of water. — Нам не хватает воды./У нас мало воды./Нам недостает воды. They were three votes short of a majority, so the vote wasn't passed. — Им не хватало трех голосов до большинства, и закон не прошел. Не is a good worker, but he is short of/on new ideas. — Он хороший paботник, но ему не хватает идей./Он хороший работник, но у него нет новых мыслей. Father did not work so money was short. — Отец не работал, и денег не к питало. The organization is short of skilled managers. — Организации не хватает квалифицированных менеджеров. The tea set is two cups short. — В чайном сервизе недостает двух чашек.

5. to want — не хватать, страдать от недостатка чего-либо необходимого, страдать от нехватки чего-либо необходимого, испытывать нужду (с глаголом want в данном значении часто употребляются наречия badly, desperately): to want food — недостает еды; to want time — нет времени; to want fresh air — задыхаться без свежего воздуха; to want courage — не хватает смелости; to want patience — недостает терпения In many poor countries, people still want basic food and shelter. — Во многиx бедных странах люди по-прежнему испытывают нужду в пище и жилье. We desperately want rain. — Нам отчаянно не хватает дождей./Нам отчаянно недостает дождей.

6. to miss — недоставать, не досчитаться, обнаружить нехватку (глагол miss подразумевает, что причиной недостаточности являются какие-либо неблагоприятные события): to miss the key— обнаружить пропажу ключа/обнаружить отсутствие ключа; to miss the favourite portrait — недостает любимого портрета/не хватает любимого портрета; to miss smb — не хватает кого-либо/скучать о ком-либо She did not miss the key untill it came to unlocking the door. — Она не знала о пропаже ключа, пока не надо было отпирать дверь. Having moved we left all the furniture behind now I miss some pieces of it desperately. — Переехав, мы оставили там всю мебель, и теперь мне ужасно не хватает некоторых предметов. I know I'll miss you. — Я знаю, мне тебя будет не хватать/я буду скучать без тебя. The police searched the body and found the documents missing. — Полицейские обыскали труп и обнаружили пропажу документов./Полицейские обыскали труп и обнаружили отсутствие документов/Полицейские обыскали труп и обнаружили, что документов нет./Полицейские обыскали труп и обнаружили, что документов не было. After the battle three soldiers were found missing. — После боя трое солдат оказались пропавшими без вести./Мы не досчитались троих солдат После битвы.

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